Free CWNP CWDP-305 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 7

Laptops are more likely to support advanced wireless features such as 3x3:3 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configurations and 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), which are integral to achieving the higher data rates offered by 802.11ac. These devices typically have the physical space and power resources to accommodate multiple antennas and the processing capabilities required for such advanced features.

In contrast, devices like handheld scanners, tablets, USB 2.0 adapters, and mobile phones are often limited to 1x1 or 2x2 MIMO configurations due to size, power, and cost constraints, making them less likely to support 3x3:3 MIMO and 256 QAM.

Co-Channel Interference (CCI) occurs when multiple APs on the same channel are heard in the same area, even at relatively low signal levels. CCI is not eliminated simply because signals are below −75 dBm. In fact, CCI is a concern even when APs are heard at levels as low as −85 dBm or lower.

From CWDP-305:

“CCI can be problematic even when the signal from neighboring APs is heard at levels between −85 dBm to −93 dBm. Effective channel planning requires minimizing overlap of same-channel signals at or above these thresholds.”

— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, Post-Design ValidationandTroubleshooting Chapter

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Latency is a critical metric when designing WLANs for VoIP (Voice over IP) applications. High latency can result in poor call quality, including delays and echoes. Industry standards recommend that one-way latency should not exceed 150 milliseconds to maintain acceptable voice quality. Therefore, during site surveys and network design, measuring and minimizing latency is essential to ensure a high-quality VoIP experience.

A radome (a portmanteau of "radar" and "dome") is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar or antenna system. Constructed from materials transparent to radio waves, such as fiberglass, radomes shield antennas from environmental elements like wind, rain, and debris without interfering with signal transmission. They are commonly used in outdoor wireless deployments to ensure the longevity and performance of antenna systems.

In wireless networking, various antenna connectors are used, each differing in size and application.The MC (Micro Coaxial) connector is among the smallest, designed for compact devices where space is at a premium.In contrast, RP-TNC (Reverse Polarity Threaded Neill–Concelman) and N connectors are larger, suitable for more robust applications.Therefore, among the options provided, the MC connector is the smallest.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

While SSID hiding might seem like a security measure, it's not effective because certain management frames must include the SSID, making it discoverable. Specifically, theAssociation Requestframe always includes the SSID. This frame is sent by a client device when it attempts to associate with an access point (AP), and it must specify the SSID to identify the desired network. Therefore, even if the SSID is hidden in beacon frames, it can still be detected through association requests.

Beacon frames: Typically used by APs to advertise their presence; can be configured to omit the SSID.

Probe request/response frames: Used during active scanning; the SSID may or may not be included.

Authentication response frames: Do not necessarily include the SSID.

When designing a WLAN for applications like Telnet, which are sensitive to latency and require consistent connectivity, it's crucial to minimize co-channel interference.Reducing the AP transmit power helps in creating smaller cells, thereby limiting the overlap between adjacent APs operating on the same channel.This approach reduces contention and interference, ensuring a more stable and reliable connection for latency-sensitive applications.

Active site surveys involve connecting to the WLAN and moving through the environment to assess performance metrics such as throughput and signal strength.During this process, roaming behavior is also observed, as the client device transitions between APs.Evaluating roaming performance is critical to ensure seamless connectivity and optimal user experience.

The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide emphasizes:

"Active surveys not only measure throughput but also provide insights into client roaming behavior, which is essential for validating network performance."

Channel bonding is a feature introduced in 802.11n and enhanced in 802.11ac that allows the combination of two adjacent channels to double the channel width, thereby increasing throughput. However, 1x1:1 client devices, which have a single transmit and receive antenna and support only one spatial stream, often lack the capability to utilize channel bonding effectively. These low-end devices are limited in their hardware and cannot take full advantage of the increased bandwidth that channel bonding offers.

Disabling legacy 802.11b data rates (such as 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps) improves efficiency by reducing airtime used for low data rate transmissions. These rates significantly increase channel occupancy time and reduce network throughput. It also helps eliminate backward compatibility modes like protection mechanisms.

From CWDP-305:

“One of the most effective ways to improve efficiency in 2.4 GHz networks is to disable the use of legacy 802.11b rates. This prevents low-rate clients from consuming excessive airtime and reduces the need for protection frames.”

— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis Chapter