Free Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 8

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Questions 106

A solutions architect at a large company needs to set up network security tor outbound traffic to the internet from all AWS accounts within an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization has more than 100 AWS accounts, and the accounts route to each other by using a centralized AWS Transit Gateway. Each account has both an internet gateway and a NAT gateway tor outbound traffic to the internet The company deploys resources only into a single AWS Region.

The company needs the ability to add centrally managed rule-based filtering on all outbound traffic to the internet for all AWS accounts in the organization. The peak load of outbound traffic will not exceed 25 Gbps in each Availability Zone.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Create an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering across all Availability Zones in the Region. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Use an AWSNetwork Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering. Create Network Firewall endpoints in each Availability Zone. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall endpoints.

Create an AWS Network Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering in each AWS account. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall firewalls in each account.

In each AWS account, create an Auto Scaling group of network-optimized Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

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Questions 107

A solutions architect is creating an AWS CloudFormation template from an existing manually created non-production AWS environment The CloudFormation template can be destroyed and recreated as needed The environment contains an Amazon EC2 instance The EC2 instance has an instance profile that the EC2 instance uses to assume a role in a parent account

The solutions architect recreates the role in a CloudFormation template and uses the same role name When the CloudFormation template is launched in the child account, the EC2 instance can no longer assume the role in the parent account because of insufficient permissions

What should the solutions architect do to resolve this issue?

Options:

In the parent account edit the trust policy for the role that the EC2 instance needs to assume Ensure that the target role ARN in the existing statement that allows the sts AssumeRole action is correct Save the trust policy

In the parent account edit the trust policy for the role that the EC2 instance needs to assume Add a statement that allows the sts AssumeRole action for the root principal of the child account Save the trust policy

Update the CloudFormation stack again Specify only the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability

Update the CloudFormation stack again Specify the CAPABIUTYJAM capability and the CAPABILITY_NAMEDJAM capability

Questions 108

A company is building a hybrid environment that includes servers in an on-premises data center and in the AWS Cloud. The company has deployed Amazon EC2 instances in three VPCs. Each VPC is in a different AWS Region. The company has established an AWS Direct Connect connection to the data center from the Region that is closest to the data center.

The company needs the servers in the on-premises data center to have access to the EC2 instances in all three VPCs. The servers in the on-premises data center also must have access to AWS public services.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST cost? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create a Direct Connect gateway in the Region that is closest to the data center. Attach the Direct Connect connection to the Direct Connect gateway. Use the

Direct Connect gateway to connect the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Set up additional Direct Connect connections from the on-premises data center to the other two Regions.

Create a private VIE.Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the private VIF to the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Create a public VIF. Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the public VIF to the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Use VPC peering to establish a connection between the VPCs across the Regions. Create a private VIF with the existing Direct Connect connection to connect to the peered VPCs.

Questions 109

A company uses Microsoft Active Directory for user management and Microsoft Entra ID as an identity provider (IdP). The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company establishes an AWS IAM Identity Center instance that is integrated with the IdP and creates the required user groups.

Multiple company departments and applications use Amazon S3. The company uses S3 bucket policies to manage permissions. As a result of the granular permissions the company creates, the policies grow so large that they reach the quota for S3 bucket policy length. The company needs to simplify the process of managing granular S3 bucket permissions for company identities.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an S3 Access Grant. Associate the S3 Access Grant with the IAM Identity Center instance. Create S3 Access Grants for the user groups based on business requirements by specifying the appropriate S3 bucket. Use the Amazon S3 API to grant the user groups temporary credentials to access the required S3 buckets.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Create an AWS Lambda function to query data from Amazon S3 based on user permissions. Create an Object Lambda Access Point for the S3 access points. Associate the Lambda function with the Object Lambda Access Point.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Block public access in the S3 access point settings. Create an access policy based on user requirements. Attach the access policy to the S3 access point. Use the S3 access point to access the S3 bucket.

Group users into appropriate OUs in Organizations. Create SCPs to grant access to specific S3 buckets based on business requirements. Attach the SCPs to the appropriate OUs. Use permission sets in IAM Identity Center to grant access the S3 buckets.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company has many S3 buckets and many identities across multiple AWS accounts. It currently uses S3 bucket policies for granular authorization. As requirements grow, the bucket policies have become very large and have hit the maximum size limits. The company needs a way to express granular, identity-based access to S3 resources without relying on increasingly complex bucket policies.

AWS provides S3 Access Grants to centrally manage S3 data access based on identities. S3 Access Grants integrate with IAM Identity Center and external identity providers such as Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD). With S3 Access Grants, you define grants that associate specific identities or groups (from IAM Identity Center) with permissions on specific S3 buckets, prefixes, or objects. Access Grants maintain a mapping between identities and S3 resources without requiring large, per-bucket policies.

Option A describes exactly this approach. You create an S3 Access Grant configuration associated with the IAM Identity Center instance that is already integrated with the company’s IdP. You then define S3 Access Grants for the various user groups according to business requirements, specifying the appropriate S3 buckets and prefixes. When users access S3 through AWS tools that support S3 Access Grants, temporary credentials are issued that reflect the grants. This centralizes authorization management, reduces the size and complexity of S3 bucket policies, and minimizes operational overhead because you manage permissions per identity group rather than constantly editing long bucket policies.

Option B uses S3 access points and Object Lambda Access Points with a Lambda function for data filtering. This is more suitable for content transformation or redaction rather than primary authorization management. It adds operational complexity by requiring custom Lambda code and Object Lambda configuration, and it does not directly solve the problem of large bucket policies for fine-grained permissions.

Option C uses per-bucket S3 access points with attached policies. While access points can simplify some aspects of access control and allow per-application policies, using many access points with detailed policies can still lead to significant policy complexity. It also does not take advantage of the existing IAM Identity Center integration and does not centrally align permissions with identity groups.

Option D uses AWS Organizations service control policies (SCPs). SCPs are intended to define high-level guardrails and maximum permissions at the account or organizational unit level, not detailed, per-bucket or per-prefix access control for individual users or groups. Using SCPs to express granular S3 bucket permissions would be complex, hard to maintain, and not aligned with the purpose of SCPs.

Therefore, using S3 Access Grants integrated with IAM Identity Center (option A) provides a centralized, identity-aware, low-overhead way to manage granular S3 access without hitting S3 bucket policy size limits.

[References:AWS documentation on S3 Access Grants for identity-based, fine-grained access control to S3 resources integrated with IAM Identity Center.AWS best practices for separating high-level guardrails (SCPs) from resource-level permissions and using identity-aware S3 controls instead of overly large bucket policies., ]

Questions 110

A company use an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company hosts some applications in a VPC in the company's snared services account. The company has attached a transit gateway to the VPC in the Shared services account.

The company is developing a new capability and has created a development environment that requires access to the applications that are in the snared services account. The company intends to delete and recreate resources frequently in the development account. The company also wants to give a development team the ability to recreate the team's connection to the shared services account as required.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a transit gateway in the development account. Create a transit gateway peering request to the shared services account. Configure the snared services transit gateway to automatically accept peering connections.

Turn on automate acceptance for the transit gateway in the shared services account. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the transit gateway resource in the shared services account with the development account. Accept the resource in tie development account. Create a transit gateway attachment in the development account.

Turn on automate acceptance for the transit gateway in the shared services account. Create a VPC endpoint. Use the endpoint policy to grant permissions on the VPC endpoint for the development account. Configure the endpoint service to automatically accept connection requests. Provide the endpoint details to the development team.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that accepts the transit gateway attachment value the development account makes an attachment request. Use AWS Network Manager to store. The transit gateway in the shared services account with the development account. Accept the transit gateway in the development account.

Questions 111

A large payroll company recently merged with a small staffing company. The unified company now has multiple business units, each with its own existing AWS account.

A solutions architect must ensure that the company can centrally manage the billing and access policies for all the AWS accounts. The solutions architect configures AWS Organizations by sending an invitation to all member accounts of the company from a centralized management account.

What should the solutions architect do next to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create the OrganizationAccountAccess IAM group in each member account. Include the necessary IAM roles for each administrator.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessPoIicy IAM policy in each member account. Connect the member accounts to the management account by using cross-account access.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRoIe IAM role in each member account. Grant permission to the management account to assume the IAM role.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRoIe IAM role in the management account. Attach the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy to the IAM role.Assign the IAM role to the administrators in each member account.

Questions 112

Question:

How should EC2 instances in AWS synchronize their clocks with an on-premisesatomic clock NTP server, with theleast administrative overhead?

Options:

Configure a DHCP options set with the on-prem NTP server.

Use a custom AMI with Amazon Time Sync.

Deploy a 3rd-party NTP server from Marketplace.

Create an IPsec VPN tunnel to sync over Direct Connect.

Questions 113

A live-events company is designing a scaling solution for its ticket application on AWS. The application has high peaks of utilization during sale events. Each sale event is a one-time event that is scheduled.

The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The application uses PostgreSOL for the database layer.

The company needs a scaling solution to maximize availability during the sale events.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use a predictive scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSOL Serverless v2 Multi-AZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replicas. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to run parallel AWS Lambda functions to pre-warm the database before a sale event. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the state machine.

Use a scheduled scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazcyl ROS for PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replicas. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to create a larger read replica before a sale event. Fail over to the larger read replica. Create another EventBridge rule that invokes another Lambda function to scale down the read replica after the sale

Use a predictive scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon RDS for PostgreSOL Multi-AZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replica. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to run parallel AWS Lambda functions to pre-warm the database before a saleevent. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the state machine.

Use a scheduled scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB duster. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to create a larger Aurora Replica before a sale event. Fail over to the larger Aurora Replica. Create another EventBridge rule that invokes another Lambda function to scale down the Aurora Replica after the sale event.

Questions 114

A company needs to architect a hybrid DNS solution. This solution will use an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for the domain cloud.example.com for the resources stored within VPCs.

The company has the following DNS resolution requirements:

• On-premises systems should be able to resolve and connect to cloud.example.com.

• All VPCs should be able to resolve cloud.example.com.

There is already an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises corporate network and AWS Transit Gateway. Which architecture should the company use to meet these requirements with the HIGHEST performance?

Options:

Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in theshared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.

Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Deploy an Amazon EC2 conditional forwarder in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the conditional forwarder.

Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 outbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the outbound resolver.

Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach the shared services VPC to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.

Questions 115

A company is using AWS CodePipeline for the CI/CD of an application to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. All AWS resources are defined in AWS

CloudFormation templates. The application artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and deployed to the Auto Scaling group using instance user data scripts.

As the application has become more complex, recent resource changes in the CloudFormation templates have caused unplanned downtime.

How should a solutions architect improve the CI/CD pipeline to reduce the likelihood that changes in the templates will cause downtime?

Options:

Adapt the deployment scripts to detect and report CloudFormation error conditions when performing deployments. Write test plans for a testing team to execute in a non-production environment before approving the change for production.

Implement automated testing using AWS CodeBuild in a test environment. Use CloudFormation change sets to evaluate changes before deployment. Use AWS CodeDeploy to leverage blue/green deployment patterns to allow evaluations and the ability to revert changes, if needed.

Use plugins for the integrated development environment (IDE) to check the templates for errors, and use the AWS CLI to validate that the templates are correct. Adapt the deployment code to check for error conditions and generate notifications on errors. Deploy to a test environment and execute a manual test plan before approving the change for production.

Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected.

Questions 116

A company has separate AWS accounts for each of its departments. The accounts are in OUs that are in an organization in AWS Organizations. The IT department manages a private certificate authority (CA) by using AWS Private Certificate Authority in its account.

The company needs a solution to allow developer teams in the other departmental accounts to access the private CA to issue certificates for their applications. The solution must maintain appropriate security boundaries between accounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function in the IT account. Program the Lambda function to use the AWS Private CA API to export and import a private CA certificate to each department account. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke the Lambda function on a schedule.

Create an IAM identity-based policy that allows cross-account access to AWS Private CA. In the IT account, attach this policy to the private CA. Grant access to AWS Private CA by using the AWS Private CA API.

In the organization's management account, create an AWS CloudFormation stack to set up a resource-based delegation policy.

Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) in the IT account to enable sharing in the organization. Create a resource share. Add the private CA resource to the resource share. Grant the department OUs access to the shared CA.

Questions 117

A company wants to refactor its retail ordering web application that currently has a load-balanced Amazon EC2 instance fleet for web hosting, database API services, and business logic. The company needs to create a decoupled, scalable architecture with a mechanism for retaining failed orders while also minimizing operational costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) for business logic with Amazon SQS long polling for retaining failed orders.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon MQ for order queuing. Use AWS Step Functionsfor business logic with Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use AWS Lambda for business logic with an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon Lightsail for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) for order queuing. UseAmazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) for business logic with Amazon OpenSearch Service for retaining failed orders.

Questions 118

A company implements a containerized application by using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) and Amazon API Gateway. The application data is stored in Amazon Aurora databases and Amazon DynamoDB databases The company automates infrastructure provisioning by using AWS CloudFormation The company automates application deployment by using AWS CodePipeline.

A solutions architect needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) strategy that meets an RPO of 2 hours and an RTO of 4 hours.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively'?

Options:

Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondaryRegion, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional Endpoint Implement Amazon CloudFront with origin failover to route traffic to the secondary Region during a DR scenario

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Amazon EventBridge. and AWS Lambda to replicate the Aurora databases to a secondary AWS Region Use DynamoDB Streams EventBridge, and Lambda to replicate the DynamoDB databases to the secondary Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional Endpoint Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the

Use AWS Backup to create backups of the Aurora databases and the DynamoDB databases in a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region

Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondaryRegion, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region

Questions 119

A company runs an application on AWS. The application uses an Amazon Aurora MySQL database that is encrypted with the default AWS managed AWS KMS key.

The company must implement a solution to rotate the database encryption key every 180 days. The solution must provide a notification if the encryption key is noncompliant with this standard.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the rotation period for the existing AWS managed KMS key to be 180 days. Implement the cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled AWS Config managed rule for the existing KMS key. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SNS to notify the security team if key rotation is noncompliant.

Create a new AWS managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Take a snapshot of the database. Restore the snapshot to a new Aurora cluster that uses the new KMS key. Create an AWS Config custom rule that uses an AWS Lambda function to validate the key rotation period. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SES to notify the security team if key encryption is noncompliant.

Create a new customer managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Take asnapshot of the database. Restore the snapshot to a new Aurora cluster that uses the new KMS key. Create an AWS Config custom rule that uses an AWS Lambda function to validate the key rotation period. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SNS to notify the security team if key encryption is noncompliant.

Create a new customer managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Update the database to use the new KMS key for encryption. Implement the cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled AWS Config managed rule for the new KMS key. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SES to notify the security team if key rotation is noncompliant.

Questions 120

A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. A solutions architect is designing VPC infrastructure in an AWS Region where the application needs to access an Amazon Aurora DB cluster. The EC2 instances are all associated with the same security group. The DB cluster is associated with its own security group.

The solutions architect needs to add rules to the security groups to provide the application with least privilege access to the DB cluster.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Add an inbound rule to the EC2 instances' security group. Specify the DB cluster's security group as the source over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the EC2 instances' security group. Specify the DB cluster's security group as the destination over the default Aurora port.

Add an inbound rule to the DB cluster's security group. Specify the EC2 instances' security group as the source over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the DB cluster's security group. Specify the EC2 instances' security group as the destination over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the DB cluster's security group. Specify the EC2 instances' security group as the destination over the ephemeral ports.

Exam Code: SAP-C02

Certification Provider: Amazon Web Services

Exam Name: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Last Update: Feb 21, 2026

Questions: 625

How to Pass SAP-C02 Exams

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