Free Cisco 350-701 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 4

When a transparent authentication fails on the Web Security Appliance (WSA), the end user gets blocked access. This means that the user cannot access any web resources until they successfully authenticate. The WSA can use different methods to authenticate users transparently, such as Transparent User Identification (TUI), Transparent Identification, or Kerberos1. If none of these methods work, the WSA will send a block page to the user with a message explaining why the authentication failed and how to resolve the issue2. The block page can be customized by the administrator to provide more information or instructions to the user3.

References := 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 4: Securing the Cloud, Lesson 4.3: Cloud Application Security, Topic 4.3.2: Cisco Umbrella, page 4-59. 2: User Guide for AsyncOS 12.5 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - GD (General Deployment), Chapter: Acquire End-User Credentials, Topic: Failed Authentication Credentials, page 4-67. 3: User Guide for AsyncOS 12.5 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - GD (General Deployment), Chapter: Customize End-User Notifications, Topic: Customize Block Pages, page 5-1.

 The Decrypt for Application Detection feature within the WSA Decryption options enhances the ability of AsyncOS to detect HTTPS applications. The HTTPS Proxy can decrypt HTTPS connections to web applications. This allows the Application Visibility and Control (AVC) engine to more accurately detect and block web applications that use HTTPS. This feature can help improve the security and performance of the network by identifying and controlling the usage of web applications that may consume bandwidth, pose security risks, or violate compliance policies.

GETVPN and IPsec are both VPN technologies that use ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) to encrypt and authenticate data packets. However, they differ in the following aspects:

GETVPN uses a group IPSec security paradigm, which means that all group members share the same IPSec SA (Security Association) and can communicate with each other without having to establish point-to-point tunnels. IPsec, on the other hand, uses a pair-wise IPSec security paradigm, which requires each pair of devices to negotiate and maintain their own IPSec SAs and tunnels.

GETVPN uses GDOI (Group Domain of Interpretation) as a key management protocol, which allows a Key Server (KS) to distribute the encryption keys and policies to all group members. IPsec uses IKE (Internet Key Exchange) as a key management protocol, which involves two phases of negotiation between each pair of devices to establish the IPSec SAs.

GETVPN supports multicast traffic without the need for GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunneling, as it preserves the original IP header of the packet. IPsec does not support multicast traffic natively, and requires GRE tunneling to encapsulate the multicast packets with a new IP header.

GETVPN relies on the underlying WAN routing to deliver the encrypted packets to the destination, as it does not create any overlay routing. IPsec creates an overlay routing, which may introduce additional latency and complexity.

References :=

Some possible references are:

[Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0], Module 6: Secure Connectivity, Lesson 6.2: Implementing Site-to-Site VPNs, Topic 6.2.2: Group Encrypted Transport VPN

Group Encrypted Transport VPN (GETVPN)

GETVPN - Cisco Community

Cisco Get VPN vs DMVPN: Difference and Comparison

What is a difference between GETVPN and IPsec?

Explanation

Diffie Hellman (DH) uses a private-public key pair to establish a shared secret, typically a symmetric key. DH is not a symmetric algorithm – it is an asymmetric algorithm used to establish a shared secret for a symmetric key algorithm.

Flood attacks are a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks that aim to saturate the bandwidth or resources of a target by sending a large number of packets or requests. Flood attacks can be classified into different categories based on the protocol or layer they target, such as ICMP, UDP, TCP SYN, HTTP, DNS, etc. Flood attacks can also be distributed (DDoS) if they involve multiple sources of attack traffic, such as compromised devices or servers123. References := 1: Denial of Service - OWASP Cheat Sheet Series 2: What is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack? | Cloudflare 3: Types of DOS attacks - GeeksforGeeks

Explanation

In explicit proxy mode, users are configured to use a web proxy and the web traffic is sent directly to the Cisco WSA. In contrast, in transparent proxy mode the Cisco WSA intercepts user's web traffic redirected from other network devices, such as switches, routers, or firewalls.

 Cisco AMP Threat Grid is a cloud-based or on-premises solution that provides advanced malware analysis and threat intelligence. It combines static and dynamic analysis techniques to examine the behavior of malware samples and correlate them with global and historical context. It also produces detailed reports, threat scores, and behavioral indicators that help security teams prioritize and respond to threats faster and more effectively12. References: 1: Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid) - Cisco 2: Products - Cisco Threat Grid Cloud Data Sheet - Cisco

The cause of this issue is that NTP authentication is not enabled on the router. The commands shown in the exhibit only define the authentication key and mark it as trusted, but they do not enable NTP authentication globally or on a per-peer basis. To enable NTP authentication globally, the command ntp authenticate must be used. To enable NTP authentication on a per-peer basis, the command ntp server ip-address key key-id or ntp peer ip-address key key-id must be used, where key-id is the same as the one defined by the ntp authentication-key command. Without enabling NTP authentication, any device can synchronize time with this router, regardless of whether it has the same authentication key or not.

The other options are incorrect because:

The key was configured in plain text, but this is not the cause of the issue. Although it is recommended to use the ntp authentication-key key-id md5 key [encrypted] command to encrypt the key, using plain text does not prevent NTP authentication from working, as long as the same key is configured on both the router and the peer.

The hashing algorithm that was used was MD5, which is supported by NTP. MD5 is the default algorithm for NTP authentication and it can be used with any key length from 1 to 16 characters. Other algorithms, such as SHA and SHA1, are also supported by NTP if the OpenSSL library is installed, but they are not required for NTP authentication to work.

The router was not rebooted after the NTP configuration updated, but this is not necessary for NTP authentication to take effect. NTP authentication is applied immediately after the configuration commands are entered, and no reboot is required.

Mobile device management (MDM) is a solution that allows organizations to manage and secure mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. MDM can provide scalability by supporting BYOD (bring your own device) scenarios without requiring extra appliance or licenses. BYOD allows employees to use their personal devices for work purposes, which can reduce costs and increase productivity. However, BYOD also introduces security and compliance risks, which MDM can mitigate by enforcing policies, monitoring device status, and performing remote actions. MDM can also integrate with other Cisco security solutions such as Identity Services Engine (ISE) and Umbrella to provide additional protection and visibility. According to the Cisco SCOR course, MDM can provide the following benefits for BYOD1:

Simplify device enrollment and configuration

Automate device compliance checks and remediation

Apply granular policies based on device type, user role, location, and network

Enable secure access to corporate resources and applications

Protect data at rest and in transit with encryption and VPN

Detect and respond to device threats and vulnerabilities

Wipe or lock devices in case of loss or theft

 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0 - Module 4: Secure Connectivity - Lesson 4.3: Mobile Device Management (MDM)

NetFlow Secure Event Logging (NSEL) is a security logging mechanism that is built on NetFlow Version 9 technology. It provides a stateful, IP flow tracking method that exports only those records that indicate significant events in a flow, such as flow-create, flow-teardown, and flow-denied. NSEL events are triggered by the event that caused the state change in the flow. This reduces the amount of data that is exported and provides more relevant information for security analysis. NSEL also supports periodic flow-update events, which provide byte counters over the duration of the flow. These events are usually time-driven, but may also be triggered by state changes in the flow. NSEL uses templates to describe the format of the data records that are exported through NetFlow. Each event has several record formats or templates associated with it. NSEL delivers templates and data records to configured NSEL collectors through NetFlow over UDP only. NSEL also allows filtering of NSEL events based on the traffic and event type through Modular Policy Framework, and then sends records to different collectors. The supported event types are flow-create, flow-denied, flow-teardown, flow-update, and all. References :=

Some possible references are:

NetFlow Secure Event Logging (NSEL) - Cisco

NetFlow Secure Event Logging (NSEL) - Cisco

Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0 (source book)

Explanation

We choose “Chat and Instant Messaging” category in “URL Category”:

To block certain URLs we need to choose URL Reputation from 6 to 10.

NTP uses UDP port 123 to communicate with its servers and peers. If the Cisco ASA has IP reachability to the NTP server and is not filtering any traffic, then the most likely cause of the unsynchronized state and the stratum of 16 is that the NTP server is not working properly or is not configured to provide NTP service. A stratum of 16 means that the NTP server is unreachable or is not considered a viable candidate1. The value.INIT. in the refid column indicates that NTP is initializing, and the server has not yet been reached1. To resolve this issue, the network engineer should verify the status and configuration of the NTP server, and use a different server if needed. Alternatively, the network engineer can use the ntp server command with the prefer keyword to specify a preferred NTP server, or use the ntp update-calendar command to force a resynchronization of NTP2. References:

1: NTP server is unsynchronized or unreachable, a Wireshark perspective.

2: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 1: Network Security, Lesson 1.3: Configuring Network Time Protocol.

Explanation

Explanation

DevSecOps (development, security, and operations) is a concept used in recent years to describe how to move

security activities to the start of the development life cycle and have built-in security practices in the continuous

integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline. Thus minimizing vulnerabilities and bringing security closer

to IT and business objectives.

Three key things make a real DevSecOps environment:

+ Security testing is done by the development team.

+ Issues found during that testing is managed by the development team.

+ Fixing those issues stays within the development team.

 A CI/CD pipeline is a process of automating the development, testing, and deployment of software applications. A CI/CD pipeline typically involves multiple tools and stages, such as source code management, build automation, testing, security scanning, and deployment. To secure a CI/CD pipeline, one of the best practices is to avoid hardcoding secrets in config files and CI/CD build tools, and instead use a secure access solution that can authenticate and authorize the access to the pipeline resources.

Duo Network Gateway is a cloud-based solution that provides secure access to internal web applications without requiring a VPN or modifying firewall rules. Duo Network Gateway integrates with Duo’s two-factor authentication (2FA) service to verify the identity of users and devices before granting access to the web applications. Duo Network Gateway also supports single sign-on (SSO) and identity federation with various identity providers, such as Active Directory, Azure AD, Google, and Okta.

By using Duo Network Gateway, you can leverage a CI/CD pipeline without exposing your internal web applications to the internet or compromising security. Duo Network Gateway can protect access to your source code repositories, build servers, testing tools, and deployment platforms. You can also enforce granular access policies based on user roles, device health, location, and time. Duo Network Gateway can help you achieve compliance with industry standards and regulations, such as PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR.

The other options are not as suitable for securing access to a CI/CD pipeline as Duo Network Gateway. A remote access client is a software that allows users to connect to a remote network or server, such as a VPN client. However, a VPN client may not provide sufficient security for a CI/CD pipeline, as it may expose the entire network to potential attacks, or require complex firewall configurations and network segmentation. A VPN client may also introduce performance and reliability issues, as it depends on the quality and availability of the network connection.

SSL WebVPN is a feature of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) that allows users to access web-based resources securely over SSL/TLS. SSL WebVPN can provide secure access to web applications, email, file shares, and other network services. However, SSL WebVPN may not be able to support all the tools and stages of a CI/CD pipeline, as some of them may require non-web protocols, such as SSH, RDP, or VNC. SSL WebVPN may also require additional licenses and hardware resources to support a large number of concurrent users and connections.

Cisco FTD network gateway is a unified platform that combines the features of Cisco ASA and Cisco Firepower. Cisco FTD network gateway can provide firewall, intrusion prevention, malware protection, and VPN services. Cisco FTD network gateway can also integrate with Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) to provide identity-based access control and visibility. However, Cisco FTD network gateway may not be the best solution for securing access to a CI/CD pipeline, as it may require complex network design and deployment, and may not support all the CI/CD tools and protocols. Cisco FTD network gateway may also incur additional costs and maintenance efforts.

References := : Secure CI/CD Pipelines: Best Practices for Managing CI/CD Secrets : Duo Network Gateway | Duo Security : VPN vs. Duo Network Gateway | Duo Security : SSL VPN Deployment Guide for Cisco ASA - Cisco : Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Configuration Guide for Firepower Device Manager, Version 6.7 - VPN Overview [Cisco Firepower NGFW]

Explanation

Community Cloud allows system and services to be accessible by group of organizations. It shares the

infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community. It may be managed internally by

organizations or by the third-party.