Free ITIL ITIL-4-Foundation Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

An outcome is a result for a stakeholder enabled by one or more outputs1. Outputs are tangible or intangible deliverables of an activity1. For example, a service provider may produce a report (output) that helps a customer make a decision (outcome)2. References: ITIL Foundation - ITIL 4 Edition, page 3; ITIL® 4 – A Pocket Guide, page 13.

A set of interconnected activities that an organization performs to deliver a valuable product or service to its consumers and to facilitate value realization

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/itil-service-value-system/#:~:text=The%20key%20inputs%20to%20the,or%20otherwise%20improve%20the%20organization.

Costs are the amount of money spent on a specific activity or resource. From the service consumer’s perspective, there are two types of cost involved in service relationships:

Costs removed from the consumer by the service (a part of the value proposition). For example, for a car sharing service, the customer does not pay for the actual cost of purchasing the car.

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/itil-key-concepts-service-management/

In ITIL 4, guiding principles are defined as recommendations that guide an organization in all circumstances, regardless of changes in goals, strategies, work type, or management structure. They are explicitly intended to support decision-making and actions at all levels of the organization.

The guiding principles help people decide:

How to approach work

How to prioritize activities

How to respond to challenges or opportunities

How to adapt service management practices to the organization’s context

The other options are important ITIL concepts, but they do not primarily exist to guide decisions in every situation:

Four dimensions of service management give a holistic view of what must be considered, but do not themselves provide decision rules.

Service value chain describes core activities that create value, not a decision framework.

Practices describe how specific types of work are organized, not general decision guidance.

Therefore, the ITIL concept that helps an organization make good decisions in all circumstances is the guiding principles.

The purpose of the change enablement practice is to maximize the number of successful IT changes by ensuring that risks have been properly assessed, authorizing changes to proceed, and managing the change schedule.

No service, practice, process, department, or supplier stands alone. The outputs that the organization delivers to itself, its customers, and other stakeholders will suffer unless it works in an integrated way to handle its activities as a whole, rather than as separate parts.

Taking a holistic approach to service management includes establishing an understanding of how all the parts of an organization work together in an integrated way (remember the four dimensions of service management?), including having an end-to-end visibility of how demand is captured and translated into outcomes. In a complex system, the alteration of one element can impact others and, where possible, these impacts need to be identified, analysed and planned for.

To apply this principle successfully, consider this advice:

Recognize the complexity of the systems

Collaboration is key to thinking and working holistically

Where possible, look for patterns in the needs of and interactions between system elements

Automation can facilitate working holistically

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/itil-guiding-principles/

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ITIL 4, stakeholders are individuals or organizations that have an interest in the service, or may be affected by its activities, objectives, or outcomes. Among these, customers are identified as the primary, key stakeholder group for a service provider because:

Customers define the requirements for services.

They determine what is considered value and which outcomes they want to achieve.

Services are specifically designed, delivered, and improved to meet customer needs and expectations.

Therefore, effective cooperation and collaboration with customers is essential for successful service management and value co-creation. While suppliers, relationship managers, and developers are important parties in service delivery, ITIL 4 emphasizes customers as the key stakeholder group with whom service providers must actively cooperate.

Relevant ITIL 4 Foundation references:

Key concepts of service management (stakeholders, customers, users, sponsors).

Discussions of value co-creation and the importance of understanding customer needs and outcomes.

In ITIL 4, “service consumer” is a generic term that includes three specific roles:

Customer – the person or group that defines the requirements for a service and takes responsibility for the outcomes of service consumption.

User – the person or group that actually uses the service.

Sponsor – the person or group that authorizes the budget for service consumption.

So, specifically:

The customer is responsible for defining the requirements for the service and for the overall outcomes expected from the service.

The sponsor is the one who authorizes the budget (not the customer, unless they are playing both roles in a given context).

The user is the one who uses the service in day-to-day operations.

The service provider (or relevant practices like deployment, request fulfillment, etc.) is responsible for provisioning the service, not the customer.

Now, mapping that to the options:

A. Authorizing the budget for the serviceThis is the responsibility of the sponsor role, not specifically the customer role (though one person may sometimes act as both in practice).

B. Provisioning the serviceThis is the responsibility of the service provider, not the customer.

C. Defining the requirements for the service ✅This matches the ITIL 4 description of the customer role: the customer defines requirements and is accountable for service outcomes. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

D. Using the serviceThis describes the user role, not the customer role (even though a person could be both customer and user in some real-world situations).

ITIL 4 Foundation: Definition of service consumer roles – customer, user, sponsor

A known error is a problem that has been analysed but not resolved1. This means that the root cause of the problem has been identified, but a permanent solution has not been implemented yet2. A known error can be recorded in a known error database (KEDB) and linked to related incidents and problems3. References: ITIL Foundation - ITIL 4 Edition, page 15; ITIL® 4 – A Pocket Guide, page 35; ITIL® 4 Practice Guide: Problem Management, page 8.

“Service desk staff require training and competency across a number of broad technical and business areas. In particular, they need to demonstrate excellent customer service skills such as empathy, incident analysis and prioritization, effective communication, and emotional intelligence.

https://www.servicedeskinstitute.com/the-case-for-itil4-foundation-service-desk-analyst-training/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CService%20desk%20staff%20require%20training,effective%20communication%2C%20and%20emotional%20intelligence.