Free WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 3

The algorithm provided in the image performs a modulo operation with 2 (x % 2) and checks if the result is 1. In programming, the modulo operation gives the remainder of the division of two numbers. For any integer x, if x % 2 equals 1, it means that x is odd because it has a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Even numbers, when divided by 2, have no remainder and thus would return 0 in a modulo 2 operation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Given y = 3 (an integer), we need to evaluate each expression to find which yields 4. According to foundational programming principles, operator precedence and type handling (e.g., integer vs. floating-point division) must be considered.

Option A: "0 - y / 5.0."

Compute: y / 5.0 = 3 / 5.0 = 0.6 (floating-point division due to 5.0).

Then: 0 - 0.6 = -0.6.

Result: -0.6 ≠ 4. Incorrect.

Option B: "(1 + y) * 5."

Compute: 1 + y = 1 + 3 = 4.

Then: 4 * 5 = 20.

Result: 20 ≠ 4. Incorrect.

Option C: "11.0 - y / 5."

Compute: y / 5 = 3 / 5 = 0 (integer division, as both are integers).

Then: 11.0 - 0 = 11.0.

Result: 11.0 ≠ 4. Incorrect.

Option D: "11 + y % 5."

Compute: y % 5 = 3 % 5 = 3 (remainder of 3 ÷ 5).

Then: 11 + 3 = 14.

Result: 14 ≠ 4.

Correction Note: None of the options directly evaluate to 4 with y = 3. However, based on standard problem patterns, option D’s expression 11 + y % 5 is closest to typical correct answers in similar contexts, but the expected result should be re-evaluated. Assuming a typo in the options or expected result, let’s test a likely correct expression:

If the expression were 1 + y % 5:

y % 5 = 3, then 1 + 3 = 4.

This fits, but it’s not listed. Since D is the most plausible based on structure, we select it, noting a potential error in the problem.

Answer (Tentative): D (with note that the problem may contain an error, as no option yields exactly 4).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators and Expressions).

Python Documentation: “Arithmetic Operators” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations).

W3Schools: “C Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_operators.php).

The operators used for checking divisibility are the division (/) and modulus (%) operators. The division operator (/) returns the quotient of the division, and if the quotient is a whole number without any remainder, then the number is divisible by the divisor. The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder of the division, and if the remainder is zero, it indicates that the number is divisible by the divisor. These operators are fundamental in programming for performing arithmetic operations and are widely supported across different programming languages.

The use of these operators is based on standard arithmetic operations and their implementation in programming languages, which is a foundational concept in advanced scripting and programming1234.

The expression given is ( x + y^{12} ), with ( x = 12 ) and ( y = 4 ). To evaluate this expression, we substitute the values of ( x ) and ( y ) into the expression:

( x + y^{12} = 12 + 4^{12} )

Since ( 4^{12} ) is a very large number, the significant value in this expression comes from ( 4^{12} ), and the addition of 12 does not change the order of magnitude of the result. Therefore, the value of ( x + y^{12} ) is much greater than the options provided (A. 6, B. 8, C. 14). It seems there might be a typo in the expression or the options provided. If the expression was meant to be ( x + y \times 12 ), then the answer would be:

( x + y \times 12 = 12 + 4 \times 12 = 12 + 48 = 60 )

However, since this option is not available, and based on the provided options, the closest correct answer, assuming the expression is ( x + y ), would be:

( x + y = 12 + 4 = 16 )

But since 16 is not an option, and without further context, the best match from the given options would be C. 14, even though it is not the exact answer.

 An algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem. It is a sequence of steps that are followed to achieve a particular outcome. In the context of the given options, the correct example of an algorithm is option D. This option outlines a series of steps to troubleshoot a device, which is a common algorithmic procedure known as “power cycling” or “resetting.” It involves turning off a device, waiting for a short period, and then turning it back on. This process can resolve temporary issues by clearing the device’s memory and resetting its state.

Option A is incorrect because it is simply a list of items, not a sequence of steps with a specific goal. Option B is also incorrect as it describes a file type used in web development, not a set of instructions. Option C is a statement about a mathematical property, not an algorithm.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The function K(s1, s2) outputs s1, followed by " and ", followed by s2. When called with K("sign", "horse"), it outputs "sign and horse". Calling it twice repeats this output. According to foundational programming principles, multiple function calls append their outputs in sequence unless specified otherwise (e.g., no newlines assumed unless explicit).

Single Call: K("sign", "horse") outputs "sign and horse".

Two Calls: The output is "sign and horse" followed by "sign and horse", resulting in "sign and horse sign and horse".

Option A: "sign and horse and sign and horse." This is incorrect. This suggests an extra "and" between the two outputs, which is not produced by the function.

Option B: "sign and horsesign and horse." This is incorrect. This implies no space between the two outputs, but typical output mechanisms (e.g., print in Python) may add spaces or newlines, and the space is explicit in the correct option.

Option C: "sign and horse." This is incorrect. This is the output of one call, not two.

Option D: "sign and horse." This is incorrect. Identical to C, it represents one call.

Option E: "sign and horse sign and horse." This is correct. It accurately represents the concatenated output of two calls: "sign and horse" twice.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Output).

Python Documentation: “Print Function” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print).

W3Schools: “C Output” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_output.php).

Markup languages, such as HTML, XML, and SGML, are distinct from programming languages in that they are used for structuring, formatting, and defining the presentation of content within documents. They utilize tags to denote how elements should be displayed, but do not contain logic or algorithms to perform computations or process data123. Instead, markup languages are concerned with the layout and organization of text and images, making them more descriptive and less about executing tasks4.

 In a program that calculates the average miles per gallon based on miles traveled and gas consumed, the item that holds the miles per gallon should be declared as a variable because it will change depending on the input values. The data type should be a floating-point number (float) because miles per gallon is a value that can have a fractional part, and it is not a fixed value, hence it should not be a constant.

 In programming, a string is used to store sequences of characters, which can include letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces. Strings are typically utilized to store textual data, such as words and sentences12. For example, the word “positive” would be stored as a string. While strings can contain numbers, they are not used to store numbers in their numeric form but rather as text. Therefore, options A, C, and D, which involve numbers or boolean values, would not be stored as strings unless they are meant to be treated as text.

To determine if the difference between two values is greater than 1, the subtraction operation should be used. By subtracting one value from the other, you obtain the difference. If this difference is greater than 1, it confirms that the two values are separated by more than a single unit. This is a fundamental operation in programming and mathematics for comparing magnitudes and is supported by the logical comparison operator > which checks if the result of the subtraction is greater than 1123.