Free WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

The most appropriate programming structure to repeatedly ask a user if they want to play a game again is a while loop. This is because a while loop can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In this case, the condition would be whether the user wants to play again or not. The while loop will continue to prompt the user after each game and will only exit if the user indicates they do not want to play again. This makes it an ideal choice for tasks that require repeated execution based on user input.

For loops are generally used when the number of iterations is known beforehand, which is not the case here as we cannot predict how many times a user will want to play the game. Nested for loops and if-else statements are not suitable for repeating tasks based on dynamic user input.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The expression x - y * 2 involves subtraction and multiplication, evaluated according to operator precedence. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., C and Python standards), multiplication (*) has higher precedence than subtraction (-), so y * 2 is computed first.

Given: x = 12, y = 4.

Compute: y * 2 = 4 * 2 = 8.

Then: x - (y * 2) = 12 - 8 = 4.

Option A: "4." This is correct, as calculated above.

Option B: "6." This is incorrect. It might result from misinterpreting precedence (e.g., (x - y) * 2 = (12 - 4) * 2 = 16).

Option C: "8." This is incorrect. It might result from computing x - y = 12 - 4 = 8 and ignoring * 2.

Option D: "14." This is incorrect. It does not align with the expression’s evaluation.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operator Precedence).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Expressions).

W3Schools: “Python Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A function that converts a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to Celsius (C) should output the Celsius value, as the purpose is to perform the conversion. The formula is C = (F - 32) * 5 / 9. According to foundational programming principles, a function’s output should be the computed result of its task.

Option A: "C only." This is correct. The function’s purpose is to convert F to C, so it should return the Celsius temperature (e.g., in Python: def f_to_c(f): return (f - 32) * 5 / 9).

Option B: "F only." This is incorrect. Returning the input (Fahrenheit) does not accomplish the conversion.

Option C: "F and C." This is incorrect. While the function could return both, the question asks for the output of the conversion, which is C. Returning F is redundant.

Option D: "F and 32." This is incorrect. The constant 32 is part of the formula but not a meaningful output, and F is the input, not the result.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Return Values).

Python Documentation: “Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions).

W3Schools: “C Functions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm finds the shortest path between nodes in a weighted graph, often used for navigation or network routing. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Section on Algorithms), it is designed for problems involving optimal paths in graphs with non-negative edge weights.

Option A: "Given an increasing array of numbers, is the number 19 in the array?" This is incorrect. This is a search problem, typically solved by binary search for a sorted array, not Dijkstra’s algorithm, which deals with graphs.

Option B: "Given an alphabetized list of race entrants and a person’s name, is the person entered in the race?" This is incorrect. This is another search problem, solvable by binary search or linear search, not related to graph paths.

Option C: "Given two newspaper articles, what is the greatest sequence of words shared by both articles?" This is incorrect. This is a longest common subsequence (LCS) problem, solved by dynamic programming, not Dijkstra’s algorithm.

Option D: "Given the coordinates of five positions, what is the most fuel-efficient flight path?" This is correct. This describes a shortest path problem in a graph where nodes are positions (coordinates) and edges are distances or fuel costs. Dijkstra’s algorithm can find the most efficient path (e.g., minimizing fuel) between these points, assuming non-negative weights.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms).

Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Chapter 24).

GeeksforGeeks: “Dijkstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm” (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dijkstras-shortest-path-algorithm-greedy-algo-7/).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard for structuring content on the web. According to foundational programming principles, HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, and does not involve typing (dynamic or static) or OOP.

Option A: "Dynamically typed." This is incorrect. HTML is not a programming language and does not involve variables or typing. Dynamic typing applies to languages like Python or JavaScript.

Option B: "Markup." This is correct. HTML is a markup language used to define the structure of web content using tags (e.g.,

,

).

Option C: "Statically typed." This is incorrect. HTML does not involve typing, as it is not a programming language. Static typing applies to languages like C or Java.

Option D: "Object-oriented." This is incorrect. HTML lacks OOP features like classes, inheritance, or polymorphism, as it is designed for content structuring, not programming.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “HTML Basics” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The snippet not (g != 8) contains two operators: not (logical NOT) and != (not equal, an equality operator). According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), operators are categorized by their function, such as logical, equality, arithmetic, or assignment.

Snippet Analysis:

not: A logical operator that negates a boolean expression (e.g., not True yields False).

!=: An equality operator that checks if two values are not equal (e.g., g != 8 returns True if g is not 8).

Option A: "Equality and logical." This is correct. The snippet includes != (equality) and not (logical).

Option B: "Logical and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no arithmetic operators (e.g., +, -, *, /) in the snippet.

Option C: "Equality and arithmetic." This is incorrect. The snippet lacks arithmetic operators.

Option D: "Assignment and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no assignment operators (e.g., =) or arithmetic operators in the snippet.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

Python Documentation: “Logical Operators” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations).

W3Schools: “C Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_operators.php).

Programming libraries are collections of pre-written code that developers can use to optimize tasks and solve common problems efficiently. By using a library, developers don’t have to write everything from scratch, which saves time and reduces the potential for errors. Libraries can provide solutions for user authentication, data visualization, animations, networking, and more, allowing developers to focus on the unique aspects of their projects rather than reinventing the wheel123.

The defining characteristic of an object-oriented language is its support for objects and classes, which encapsulate data and behavior. This includes the ability to define custom variable types (classes) with their own methods, and the use of key principles such as information hiding, data abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These features distinguish object-oriented languages from procedural languages, which do not typically support these concepts in the same way.

A compiled language is one where the source code is translated into machine code, which is a set of instructions that the computer’s processor can execute directly. This translation is done by a program called a compiler. Once the source code is compiled into an executable file, it can be run on the target machine without the need for the original source code or the compiler. This process differs from interpreted languages, where the code is executed one statement at a time by another program called an interpreter, and there is no intermediate executable file created.

Option A describes an interpreted language, not a compiled one. Option B refers to type safety, which is a feature of some programming languages but is not specific to compiled languages. Option C describes a script or an interpreted language, which can be executed immediately by an interpreter without compilation.

The provided code defines a function named F that takes two strings si and l2 as input. However, there seems to be a typo in the variable names (si instead of sign and l2 instead of horse).

Inside the function:

Put sl to output: This line likely has a typo as well. It's intended to print the input strings, but there's a missing space between si and l2. Assuming the correction, this line would concatenate si and l2 with a space and print it.

Put 2 to output: This line would print the number 2.

and : This line by itself wouldn't print anything.

Calling the Function Twice:

If F(sign, horse) is called twice:

First Call:

It would likely print "sign horse" (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by "2".

Second Call:

It would likely print "sign horse" (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by "2" again.

Total Output:

Therefore, the total output when F(sign, horse) is called twice would be:

sign horse 2

sign horse 2