Free WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

A while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In the context of the given options:

Option A could use a simple if-else statement to compare two numbers and print the larger one.

Option B is a classic example of a use case for a while loop. The loop can run until the correct password is entered or the maximum number of attempts is reached.

Option C could be accomplished with a single if statement to check if the number is a multiple of 10.

Option D can also be done with an if-else statement to check the properties of the number.

Therefore, the task that is best suited for a while loop is Option B, where the user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until a correct password is entered or a certain number of incorrect attempts have been made. This requires the program to loop through the password prompt and check the conditions after each input, which is what while loops are designed for.

The code snippet not (g != S) contains two types of operators:

Equality Operator (!=): The expression g != S checks whether the value of g is not equal to the value of S. The != operator is used for comparison and returns True if the values are different, otherwise False.

Logical Operator (not): The not operator is a logical negation operator. It inverts the truth value of a Boolean expression. In this case, not (g != S) evaluates to True if g is equal to S, and False otherwise.

Therefore, the combination of these two operators results in the overall expression not (g != S).

The C(M) programming language is designed to translate mathematical constructions into efficient C programs. It is a declarative functional language with strong type checking and supports high-level functional programming. The C(M) compiler translates the C(M) program into a readable C program, which then needs to be compiled into machine code in the form of an executable file before it can be executed1. This process is typical of compiled languages, where the source code is transformed into machine code, which can be directly executed by the computer’s CPU. In contrast, interpreted languages are typically run by an interpreter, executing one statement at a time, which generally results in slower execution compared to compiled languages.

The algorithm depicted in the image is a simple loop that iterates 5 times. Each iteration multiplies the current value of i by 2 and adds it to the variable sum. The loop starts with i equal to 1 and sum equal to 0. Here’s the breakdown:

First iteration: i = 1, sum = 0 + (1 * 2) = 2

Second iteration: i = 2, sum = 2 + (2 * 2) = 6

Third iteration: i = 3, sum = 6 + (3 * 2) = 12

Fourth iteration: i = 4, sum = 12 + (4 * 2) = 20

Fifth iteration: i = 5, sum = 20 + (5 * 2) = 30

However, the algorithm includes a condition that checks if sum is greater than 10. If this condition is true, the algorithm outputs the value of i and stops. This condition is met during the third iteration, where sum becomes 12. Therefore, the algorithm outputs the value of i at that point, which is 3.

This is the most likely event during the analysis phase. It involves:

Understanding the requirements: What specific capabilities are needed?

Breaking down the problem: How can those capabilities be achieved within the existing codebase, potentially by leveraging functions to organize and reuse code.

Technical Design: Starting to think about the structure of the solution without diving fully into implementation.

 C is a programming language that primarily follows the procedural programming paradigm1. This paradigm is a subset of imperative programming and emphasizes on procedure in terms of the underlying machine model1. It involves writing a sequence of instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step, and it relies on the concept of procedure calls, where procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, or functions, are a set of instructions that perform a specific task1.

The procedural paradigm in C uses static typing, where the type of a variable is known at compile time1. This means that the type of a variable is declared and does not change over time, which is in contrast to dynamic typing, where the type can change at runtime. C’s type system requires that each variable and function is explicitly declared with a type and it does not support dynamic typing as seen in languages like Python or JavaScript1.

The expression ((x % 8) - y) involves the modulo operation and subtraction. The modulo operation finds the remainder when ( x ) is divided by ( 8 ). Given ( x = 41 ), we calculate ( 41 % 8 ) which equals ( 1 ) because ( 41 ) divided by ( 8 ) equals ( 5 ) with a remainder of ( 1 ). Then, we subtract ( y ) (which is ( 16 )) from this remainder:

(41%8)−16=1−16=−15

However, there seems to be a discrepancy here as the calculation shows the answer should be (-15), but this is not an option provided in your question. Please double-check the options or the expression provided.

Initialize two variables: x and Count to zero.

Iterate through each number in the NumList.

For each number in the list:

Add the number to x.

Increment Count by one.

After processing all numbers in the list, calculate the average:

Average = x / Count.

The NumList contains the following integers: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Calculating the average: (1 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) / 6 = 30 / 6 = 5.0.

However, none of the provided options match this result. It seems there might be an error in either the options or the calculation.

C, C++, and Java are all considered compiled languages. This means that the code written in these languages is not executed directly by the hardware but must first be translated into machine code by a compiler.

C is a general-purpose programming language that is compiled to generate machine code which can be executed directly by the computer’s CPU1.

C++ is an extension of C that includes object-oriented features. It is also a compiled language, where the source code is converted into machine code that can be executed by the CPU2.

Java is a bit unique because it is compiled into bytecode, which is then run on a virtual machine (JVM) rather than directly by the CPU. However, it is still considered a compiled language because the source code is compiled before it is executed2.

A statically typed language is one where the type of a variable is known at compile time. This means that the type of each variable must be declared and does not change throughout the program’s execution. While this can lead to a larger number of variable declarations and sometimes conversions, it also allows for type checking at compile time, which can catch many errors before the program runs. Statically typed languages include Java, C, C++, and others123.