Free Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

OSPF Interface Network Types:

The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).

Authentication Settings:

Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.

OSPF Router IDs:

Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.

Link Costs and Interface Priority:

While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Capturing ESP Traffic:

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.

In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is10.200.3.2as indicated in the exhibit.

Sniffer Command:

The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN namedDialUp_0is:

diagnose sniffer packet any ‘espandhost10.200.3.2’

This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels​(Fortinet Docs)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

RTT (Round Trip Time):

RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.

This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web filtering and antivirus updates.

Server Selection:

The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.

This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.

To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:

Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.

Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.

Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.

References

Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration

Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements

Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.

DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.

References:

Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

Session Table Overview:

The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.

The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables​(Hammertux)​.

Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Hammertux)​.

Soft Reset of BGP:

Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.

This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.

Network Import Check:

Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.

Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.

The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.

BGP Configuration Verification:

Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network 172.16.54.0/24.

Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.

References:

Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate​(Fortinet Document Library)​.

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.

DoS Protection Mechanisms:

One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.

References:

RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)​(RFC Editor)​.

RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks​(IETF Datatracker)​.

The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.

Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.

DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.

A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.

References

Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting

Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues