Free ECCouncil 212-82 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

Attorney is the role played by Dany in the above scenario. Attorney is a member of a forensic team who provides legal advice on conducting the investigation and addresses legal issues involved in the forensic investigation process. Attorney can help with obtaining search warrants, preserving evidence, complying with laws and regulations, and presenting cases in court3. References: Attorney Role in Forensic Investigation

The correct answer is B, as it describes the information security element that was described in the above scenario. Non-repudiation is an information security element that ensures that a party cannot deny sending or receiving a message or performing an action. In the above scenario, non-repudiation was described, as Kayden could not deny company’s message, and company could not deny Kayden’s signature. Option A is incorrect, as it does not describe the information security element that was described in the above scenario. Availability is an information security element that ensures that authorized users can access and use information and resources when needed. In the above scenario, availability was not described, as there was no mention of access or use of information and resources. Option C is incorrect, as it does not describe the information security element that was described in the above scenario. Integrity is an information security element that ensures that information and resources are accurate and complete and have not been modified by unauthorized parties. In the above scenario, integrity was not described, as there was no mention of accuracy or completeness of information and resources. Option D is incorrect, as it does not describe the information security element that was described in the above scenario. Confidentiality is an information security element that ensures that information and resources are protected from unauthorized access and disclosure.In the above scenario, confidentiality was not described, as there was no mention of protection or disclosure of information and resources.

References: , Section 3.1

The correct answer is A, as it identifies the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. An Internet access policy is a set of rules and guidelines that defines how an organization’s employees or members can use the Internet and what types of websites or services they can access. There are different types of Internet access policies, such as:

Paranoid policy: This type of policy forbids everything and imposes strict restrictions on all company computers, whether it is system or network usage. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with highly sensitive or classified information and have a high level of security and compliance requirements.

Prudent policy: This type of policy allows some things and blocks others and imposes moderate restrictions on company computers, depending on the role and responsibility of the user. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with confidential or proprietary information and have a medium level of security and compliance requirements.

Permissive policy: This type of policy allows most things and blocks few and imposes minimal restrictions on company computers, as long as the user does not violate any laws or regulations. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with public or general information and have a low level of security and compliance requirements.

Promiscuous policy: This type of policy allows everything and blocks nothing and imposes no restrictions on company computers, regardless of the user’s role or responsibility. This policy is suitable for organizations that have no security or compliance requirements and trust their employees or members to use the Internet responsibly.

In the above scenario, Ashton implemented a paranoid policy that forbids everything and imposes strict restrictions on all company computers, whether it is system or network usage. Option B is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A prudent policy allows some things and blocks others and imposes moderate restrictions on company computers, depending on the role and responsibility of the user. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a prudent policy, but a paranoid policy. Option C is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A permissive policy allows most things and blocks few and imposes minimal restrictions on company computers, as long as the user does not violate any laws or regulations. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a permissive policy, but a paranoid policy. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A promiscuous policy allows everything and blocks nothing and imposes no restrictions on company computers, regardless of the user’s role or responsibility. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a promiscuous policy, but a paranoid policy.

References: , Section 6.2

For GlobalTech, the optimal strategy to enhance information security governance and align with long-term business objectives involves:

Integrated Governance Framework:

Security Integration: Embed security considerations into all business decisions and processes. This ensures that security is a fundamental aspect of the company’s operations and strategic planning.

Comprehensive Policies: Develop and enforce comprehensive security policies that cover all aspects of information security, including data protection, access controls, and incident response.

Executive Support:

Board-Level Commitment: Ensure that the board of directors and executive management are committed to and support the information security governance framework. This top-down approach is crucial for effective implementation and adherence.

Regular Reviews and Audits:

Continuous Improvement: Conduct regular security audits and reviews to assess the effectiveness of the governance framework and identify areas for improvement.

Security Culture:

Awareness and Training: Foster a culture of security awareness across the organization through regular training and awareness programs.

References:

ISO/IEC 27014:2013 Information Security Governance: ISO Standards

NIST Cybersecurity Framework:NIST CSF

High-Interaction Honeypots:

High-interaction honeypots simulate real systems, offering attackers a full operating environment to interact with, thereby providing detailed insights into their methods and techniques.

Black-box testing is a type of penetration testing where the tester has no prior knowledge of the target system or network and initiates zero-knowledge attacks, with no information or assistance from the organization. Black-box testing simulates the perspective of an external attacker who tries to find and exploit vulnerabilities without any insider information. Black-box testing can help identify unknown or hidden vulnerabilities that may not be detected by other types of testing. However, black-box testing can also be time-consuming, costly, and incomplete, as it depends on the tester’s skills and tools.

Mitigating security risks associated with OS virtualization involves a comprehensive approach. Here’s a breakdown of the steps:

Implement Least Privilege Access Control for Users Managing VMs:

Limit access to only those users who need it.

Ensure that users have only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks.

Regularly Patch and Update the Hypervisor Software for Security Fixes:

Keep the hypervisor and virtualization software up-to-date to protect against known vulnerabilities.

Regular patching minimizes the risk of exploitation.

Disable Security Features on Virtual Machines to Improve Performance:

Note: This is actually a security risk. The correct approach is toenable and configure security featuresto protect VMs, despite the potential minor impact on performance.

Comprehensive Approach:

A holistic security strategy includes enforcing least privilege, maintaining updated systems, and enabling security features on VMs to protect against a wide range of threats.

References:

EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) materials.

Best practices for virtualization security from NIST and other cybersecurity frameworks.

HIPPA/PHI is the regulation that is mostly violated in the above scenario. HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is a US federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy and security of health information. PHI (Protected Health Information) is any information that relates to the health or health care of an individual and that can identify the individual, such as name, address, medical records, etc. HIPPA/PHI requires covered entities, such as health care providers, health plans, or health care clearinghouses, and their business associates, to safeguard PHI from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure . In the scenario, the medical company experienced a major cyber security breach that exposed the personal medical records of many patients on the internet, which violates HIPPA/PHI regulations. PII (Personally Identifiable Information) is any information that can be used to identify a specific individual, such as name, address, social security number, etc. PII is not specific to health information and can be regulated by various laws, such as GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act), etc. PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard)is a set of standards that applies to entities that store, process, or transmit payment card information, such as merchants, service providers, or payment processors. PCI DSS requires them to protect cardholder data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. ISO 2002 (International Organization for Standardization 2002) is not a regulation, but a standard for information security management systems that provides guidelines and best practices for organizations to manage their information security risks. 

For a mobile banking app, ensuring secure user authentication is crucial. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) provides a robust security layer:

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):

Definition: MFA requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access, combining something they know (password), something they have (smartphone), and something they are (biometric verification).

Security Benefits: Significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access even if one factor is compromised.

Implementation:

User Convenience: Integrate seamlessly into the app to maintain a positive user experience.

Enhanced Security: Protects against various attack vectors, including phishing, brute force attacks, and credential stuffing.

References:

NIST Digital Identity Guidelines:NIST SP 800-63

OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide: OWASP MSTG

For comprehensive application security testing, combining Static Application Security Testing (SAST) and Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) provides the best coverage:

Static Application Security Testing (SAST):

Source Code Analysis: Scans the source code to identify vulnerabilities such as code injection, buffer overflows, and insecure APIs.

Early Detection: Allows developers to fix vulnerabilities early in the development lifecycle.

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST):

Runtime Analysis: Tests the running application for vulnerabilities, including issues related to configuration, authentication, and authorization.

Real-World Attacks: Simulates real-world attacks to identify how the application behaves under different threat scenarios.

Combined Approach:

Holistic Security: Using both SAST and DAST provides a thorough security assessment, covering both code-level and runtime vulnerabilities.

Comprehensive Coverage: Ensures that both internal code issues and external attack vectors are addressed.

References:

OWASP Guide on SAST and DAST: OWASP

NIST Application Security Guidelines:NIST SP 800-53