Free CyberArk SECRET-SEN Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

 Dual accounts is a password management method that uses two accounts with identical privileges to access a system, database, or application. One account is active and the other is inactive at any given time. The active account remains untouched during password rotation, while the inactive account has its password changed after a grace period. This way, the application can always use the active account without experiencing any delays or errors due to password expiration or change. The advantage of using dual accounts is that it ensures business continuity and seamless access to the target resource, especially for high load and critical applications. References: Manage Dual Accounts, Configure dual accounts

 Conjur uses TLS certificates for authentication between nodes and clients. These certificates are either self-signed by Conjur or imported from a third-party CA. All the certificates are stored in the /opt/conjur/etc/ssl directory from the Conjur containers. This directory contains the following files:

• ca.crt: The CA certificate used to verify all Conjur node certificates. This is either the self-signed Conjur CA certificate or the imported third-party CA certificate.
• server.crt: The server certificate used by the Conjur node for HTTPS and mTLS connections. This certificate contains the DNS names of the node and the load balancer in the CN and SAN fields.
• server.key: The private key corresponding to the server certificate.
• cert.pem: A symbolic link to the server certificate file.
• key.pem: A symbolic link to the server key file.

References: Certificate architecture, Certificate requirements, Rotate certificates

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In the event of a Leader failure, you can perform a manual failover to promote one of the Standbys to be the new Leader. The manual failover process consists of the following steps:

• Suspend replication for all Standbys and Followers and identify the best failover candidate. This step ensures that no data is lost or corrupted during the failover process. The best failover candidate is the Standby with the most advanced replication timeline, which means it has the most up-to-date data from the Leader.
• Promote the failover candidate to be the new Leader. This step changes the role of the failover candidate from a Standby to a Leader, and updates its configuration accordingly. The new Leader can now accept write requests from clients and replicate data to other nodes.
• Restore replication. This step re-establishes the replication connections between the new Leader and the other nodes, and rebases the replication of the other Standbys and Followers to the new Leader. This ensures that all nodes have the same data and are in sync with the new Leader.

References: The manual failover configuration steps are explained in detail in the Configure Manual Failover section of the CyberArk Conjur Enterprise documentation. The image in the question is taken from the same source.

ServiceAccount and StatefulSet are two of the Kubernetes resources/objects that can be used as Conjur identities, in addition to Namespace and Deployment. Conjur identities are the entities that can authenticate with Conjur and retrieve secrets from it. Conjur supports authenticating Kubernetes resources/objects using the Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator, which is a sidecar or init container that runs alongside the application container and injects the Conjur access token into a shared volume. The application container can then use the access token to fetch secrets from Conjur.

A ServiceAccount is a Kubernetes resource that represents an identity for processes that run in a pod. ServiceAccounts can be used to grant specific privileges and permissions to the pod, and to enable communication with the Kubernetes API server. A ServiceAccount can be used as a Conjur identity by annotating it with the Conjur authentication policy branch ID, and by creating a Conjur host entity that matches the ServiceAccount name and namespace. The Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator will then use the ServiceAccount token to authenticate the pod with Conjur and obtain the Conjur access token.

A StatefulSet is a Kubernetes resource that manages the deployment and scaling of a set of pods, and provides guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of these pods. StatefulSets are useful for applications that require stable and persistent identities, such as databases, message brokers, or distributed systems. A StatefulSet can be used as a Conjur identity by annotating it with the Conjur authentication policy branch ID, and by creating a Conjur host entity that matches the StatefulSet name and namespace. The Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator will then use the pod name and namespace to authenticate the pod with Conjur and obtain the Conjur access token.

The other options are not valid Kubernetes resources/objects that can be used as Conjur identities. Replica sets are a lower-level resource that are usually managed by higher-level resources such as Deployments or StatefulSets, and do not have their own identity or annotations. Secrets are a Kubernetes resource that store sensitive information such as passwords, tokens, or keys, and are not meant to be used as identities. Tokenreviews are a Kubernetes resource that are used to verify the validity of a ServiceAccount token, and are not meant to be used as identities either. References:

• Securing Secrets in Kubernetes - CyberArk Developer, Section “Conjur Kubernetes Authentication: A Hands-On Demonstration”
• GitHub - cyberark/secrets-provider-for-k8s: Cyberark secrets provider …, Section “Consuming Secrets from CyberArk Secrets Provider”
• Secure your Kubernetes-deployed applications with CyberArk Conjur, Section “How it works”
• Simplify and Improve Container Security Using New CyberArk Conjur …, Section “CyberArk Conjur Enterprise”
• Keeping Secrets Secure on Kubernetes - CyberArk Developer, Section “The Solution”

• AWS -> authn-iam
• Azure -> authn-azure
• GCP -> authn-gcp
• JWT Provider -> authn-jwt

Explanation: Conjur supports different authenticators for different cloud platforms. Each authenticator allows a resource or service running on the cloud platform to authenticate to Conjur using a unique identity token signed by the cloud provider. The following are the descriptions of each authenticator:

• authn-iam: Enables an AWS resource to use its AWS IAM role to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the AWS Security Token Service (STS) to get a signed AWS access token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification.
• authn-azure: Enables an Azure resource to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the Azure Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) to get a signed Azure access token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification.
• authn-gcp: Enables a Google Cloud Platform resource to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) service to get a signed Google identity token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification.
• authn-jwt: Enables an application to authenticate to Conjur using a JWT from a JWT Provider. The application obtains a JWT from the JWT Provider, and then sends the JWT to Conjur for verification.

References: You can find more information about the Conjur authenticators in the following resources:

• Supported Conjur Cloud authenticators
• Configure Conjur Cloud authenticators
• GCP Authenticator

The correct sequence of installation steps for a Credential Provider on a Linux host is as follows:

• Download the correct install package to a directory on the Linux host and decompress1.
• Copy the aimparms.sample file to /var/tmp/aimparms. Create a Credential File with an account with sufficient permissions to install. Modify the Vault.ini file to point to the correct vault2.
• Install the correct Credential Provider package for the distribution of Linux using the command: rpm -ivh CARKaim-..rpm2.
• Check that the aimprv service is running using the command: service aimprv status2.

References: 1: Download the Credential Provider 2: Install Credential Provider on Linux / AIX

The cause of the issue is A. The certificate based on the Follower DNS name is not present on the Leader. This means that the Leader does not have a certificate file that matches the Follower DNS name used in the seed request, and therefore cannot generate a valid seed file for the Follower. This results in a 500 error in the Seed Fetcher container log. To resolve the issue, you need to import a certificate with the Follower DNS name as the subject alt name on the Leader, and create a copy of the certificate file with a name that matches the Follower DNS name used in the seed request1.

Summon is a utility that allows applications to access secrets from a variety of trusted stores and export them as environment variables to a sub-process environment. Summon does not require any changes to the application code to retrieve secrets from the CyberArk Central Credential Provider (CCP), as it uses a provider plugin that handles the communication with the CCP. However, the application code must be able to access secrets from a configuration file or environment variable, as these are the methods that Summon uses to inject secrets into the application. Summon reads a secrets.yml file that defines the secrets that the application needs and maps them to environment variables. Then, Summon fetches the secrets from the CCP using the provider plugin and exports them as environment variables to the application sub-process. The application can then read the secrets from the environment variables as if they were hard-coded in the configuration file. References: Summon-inject secrets, .NET Application Password SDK

C. docker exec evoke ca import – –no-restart

This is the correct command to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke ca import command is used to import a certificate authority (CA) certificate into the Conjur appliance. The certificate can be either a root CA or an intermediate CA. The – –no-restart option prevents the Conjur appliance from restarting after importing the certificate. The parameter specifies the path and name of the root CA certificate file to be imported. This command will add the root CA certificate to the trusted CA store of the Conjur appliance, which is used to validate the certificates of the clients and servers that communicate with Conjur. This command is documented in the Conjur documentation1 and the Conjur training course2.

The other options are not correct commands to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke import command does not exist. The – –root option is not a valid option for the evoke ca import command. The ca import command is not a valid docker exec command.

The correct process to upgrade the CCP Web Service is D. Uninstall and reinstall the CCP Web Service. The CCP Web Service is a component of the CyberArk Central Credential Provider (CCP) that enables applications to retrieve secrets from the CyberArk Vault using REST API calls. To upgrade the CCP Web Service, you need to first uninstall the existing CCP Web Service from the Windows Server Manager or the Control Panel, and then reinstall the CCP Web Service using the latest installation package from the CyberArk website. The installation package contains both the Credential Provider and the CCP Web Service components, and you need to run the AimWebService.msi file to install the CCP Web Service. You also need to make sure that the CCP Web Service has the correct configuration and permissions, and that the CyberArk CRL (Certificate Revocation List) is open from the CCP server.

The other options are not correct processes to upgrade the CCP Web Service. Running “sudo yum update aimprv” from the CLI is a command to update the Credential Provider on Linux, not the CCP Web Service on Windows. Double-clicking the Credential Provider installer executable and selecting upgrade is a process to upgrade the Credential Provider on Windows, not the CCP Web Service. Double-clicking the AimWebService.msi and selecting upgrade is not a valid option, as the CCP Web Service does not support an upgrade option, and you need to uninstall it first before reinstalling it. References =

• Upgrade the Central Credential Provider (CCP) - CyberArk, Section “Upgrade the Central Credential Provider (CCP)”
• Central Credential Provider web service configuration - CyberArk, Section “Central Credential Provider web service configuration”