Free Cyber AB CMMC-CCP Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 4

Background on Legacy Markings and CUI

Legacy markings refer to classification labels used before the implementation of the Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) Program under DoD Instruction 5200.48.

Documents with legacy markings (such as “For Official Use Only” (FOUO) or “Sensitive But Unclassified” (SBU)) must be reviewed for re-marking or redaction to align with CUI requirements.

When Must Legacy Markings Be Updated?

If the document is retained internally (Answer A - Incorrect): Documents under DoD control do not require immediate re-marking unless they are being shared externally.

If the document is classified as Secret (Answer B - Incorrect): This question is about CUI, not classified information. Secret-level documents follow different marking rules under DoD Manual 5200.01.

If a document is being shared externally (Answer C - Correct):

According to DoD Instruction 5200.48, Section 3.6(a), organizations must review legacy markings before sharing documents outside the organization.

The document must be re-marked in compliance with the CUI Program before dissemination.

If the original document does not contain CUI (Answer D - Incorrect): The original source document ' s status does not affect the requirement to re-mark a derivative document if it contains CUI.

Conclusion

The correct answer is C: Documents with legacy markings must be re-marked or redacted when being shared outside the organization to comply with DoD CUI guidelines.

Who Verifies the Adequacy and Sufficiency of Evidence?

In the CMMC assessment process, it is theAssessment Teamthat is responsible for verifying whether thepractices and related componentshave been met for each in-scopeHost Unit, Supporting Organization/Unit, or enclave.

TheCMMC Assessment Teamis composed of certified assessors and led by aCertified CMMC Assessor (CCA). Their primary role is to:

Review evidenceprovided by theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC).

Determine compliancewith required CMMC practices and processes.

Evaluate the sufficiencyof evidence to confirm that all required practices have been properly implemented.

Document and report findingsto the CMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB).

Breakdown of Answer Choices

Option

Description

Correct?

A. OSC (Organization Seeking Certification)

The OSC provides documentation and evidence but doesnotverify its adequacy.

❌Incorrect

B. Assessment Team

✅Responsible for verifying the adequacy and sufficiency of evidence.

✅Correct

C. Authorizing Official

Typically refers to an official responsible for system accreditation underNIST RMF, not CMMC.

❌Incorrect

D. Assessment Official

Not a defined role in the CMMC framework.

❌Incorrect

Official Reference from CMMC 2.0 Documentation

TheCMMC Assessment Process Guide(CAP) outlines theAssessment Team ' sresponsibility in verifying evidence.

TheCMMC Assessment Teamevaluates whether theorganization ' s cybersecurity practices meet CMMC requirements.

Final Verification and Conclusion

The correct answer isB. Assessment Team, as per CMMC 2.0 documentation and official assessment processes.

CMMC Level 1 includes 17 practices derived fromFAR 52.204-21. Among them, theMedia Protection (MP) practicerequires organizations to ensure thatmedia containing FCI is sanitized or destroyed before disposal or release for reuseto prevent unauthorized access.

This requirement ensures that any storage devices, hard drives, USBs, or physical documents containingFederal Contract Information (FCI)areproperly disposed of or sanitizedto prevent data leakage.

The evidence collected for this practice should demonstrate that an organization has established and followed propermedia sanitization or destruction procedures.

Why the Correct Answer is " B. Adequate " ?

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideoutlines that for an assessment to be considered complete, all submitted evidence must meet the standard ofadequacybefore it is accepted by the Lead Assessor.

Definition of " Adequate " Evidence in CMMC:

Evidence isadequatewhen itfully demonstrates that a practice has been performed as requiredby CMMC guidelines.

TheLead Assessorevaluates whether the submitted documentation meets the CMMC 2.0 Level 1 requirements.

If the evidenceaccurately and completely demonstrates the sanitization or destruction of media containing FCI, then it meets the standard ofadequacy.

Why Not the Other Options?

A. Official– While the evidence may come from an official source, the CMMCdoes not require evidence to be " official " , only that it beadequateto confirm compliance.

C. Compliant– Compliance is the final result of an assessment, but before compliance is determined, the evidence must first beadequatefor evaluation.

D. Subjective– CMMC evidence isobjective, meaning it should be based on verifiable documents, policies, logs, and procedures—not opinions or interpretations.

Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:

CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide (Nov 2021)– Specifies that Media Protection (MP) at Level 1 applies only to assets that process, store, or transmit FCI.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide– Definesadequate evidenceas documentation that completely and clearly supports the implementation of a required security practice.

FAR 52.204-21– The source of the Level 1 requirements, which includessanitization and destruction of media containing FCI.

Final Justification:

The CCP’s statement that the evidence " fully reflects the performance of the practice " aligns with the definition ofadequate evidenceunder CMMC. Since adequacy is the key standard used before final compliance decisions are made, the correct answer isB. Adequate.

Anorganization seeking helpto address security gaps—such asphysical access control deficiencies—needs acertified professional who can provide implementation supportwithoutbeing involved in the actual CMMC assessment.

Role of a Registered Practitioner (RP)

A Registered Practitioner (RP)is a CMMC-certified individualwho provides consulting and implementation supportto organizations butdoes not perform assessments.

RPs work independently from C3PAOsand canassist in fixing gapsin security controlsbeforeorafteran assessment.

Since RPs are not assessors, they can provide direct remediation supportwithout any conflict of interest.

Why " B. RP of an Organization Not Part of the Assessment " is Correct?

The OSC needs assistance in implementing security controls(not assessment).

An RP is trained and authorized to provide remediation and advisory services.

Conflict of interest rules prevent the assessing C3PAO from providing implementation support.

Why Other Answers Are Incorrect?

A. CCA of the C3PAO performing the assessment (Incorrect)

ACertified CMMC Assessor (CCA)is responsible for conducting the assessmentonly.

TheC3PAO performing the assessment cannot also provide remediationdue to aconflict of interest.

C. Practitioner of the Organization Performing the Assessment LTP (Incorrect)

The assessmentLead Technical Practitioner (LTP)cannot provide remediation support for an OSC they are assessing.

D. DoD Contract Official of the Organization Performing the Assessment (Incorrect)

DoD Contract Officialsoversee contract compliance butdo not provide cybersecurity implementation support.

Conclusion

The correct answer isB. RP of an organization not part of the assessment, asonly independent RPs can assist with remediation and implementation support.

According to the CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1, the fundamental definition of an FCI Asset is any asset that performs at least one of three primary functions with Federal Contract Information (FCI). These functions are consistently defined across both Level 1 and Level 2 documentation as Processing, Storing, or Transmitting.

Process: In this scenario, the sales representative is " entering FCI data into various fields. " The act of inputting, manipulating, or editing data within an application (the spreadsheet) is the definition of processing.

Store: Because the spreadsheet is on the laptop, the data resides on the laptop ' s hard drive or memory. This constitutes storing.

Transmit: While the prompt focuses on the data entry, a laptop is an endpoint designed to move data across a network (email, cloud uploads, or server saves). In the context of CMMC scoping, assets that handle protected information are categorized by their capability and role in the data lifecycle, which includes transmitting.

Why other options are incorrect:

Options B and D: These include the word " organize. " While organizing data is a task a human performs, it is not a formal technical term used in the CMMC or NIST SP 800-171/FAR 52.204-21 definitions to categorize asset functions.

Option A: This option omits " store. " Since the spreadsheet exists on the laptop, storage is a primary function being utilized.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1 (Version 2.0): Section 2.0, which defines FCI Assets as assets that " process, store, or transmit FCI. "

FAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems): The regulatory source for Level 1, which applies to systems that " process, store, or transmit " federal contract information.

CMMC Assessment Guide, Level 1: Introduction and Scoping sections, reinforcing the triad of data handling functions.

According to the CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1, the categorization of assets is much simpler than at Level 2. At Level 1, there are only two primary categories for assets within the Organization Seeking Certification (OSC): In-Scope Assets (FCI Assets) and Out-of-Scope Assets.

FCI Asset Definition: An asset is considered " In-Scope " for Level 1 if it processes, stores, or transmits Federal Contract Information (FCI). Since the company is building specialized parts under a DoD contract and using in-house staff and equipment for testing, the information related to that contract (the specifications, schedules, and test results) constitutes FCI.

The Level 1 Universe:

Level 1 does not use the complex sub-categories found in Level 2 scoping, such as " Specialized Assets " (OT/IoT/Test Equipment) or " Contractor Risk Managed Assets. " Those distinctions are specific to CMMC Level 2 Scoping.

In a Level 1 environment, any piece of equipment or software that handles the contract ' s information is simply termed an FCI Asset, which falls under the broader umbrella of In-Scope Assets.

Why other options are incorrect:

Option A (CUI Asset): Level 1 is focused exclusively on FCI. CUI (Controlled Unclassified Information) is the focus of Level 2 and Level 3.

Option C (Specialized Asset) and Option D (Contractor Risk Managed Asset): These are specific scoping categories defined in the CMMC Level 2 Scoping Guidance. In Level 1, these categories do not exist; an asset either handles FCI (In-Scope) or it does not (Out-of-Scope).

Reference Documents:

CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1 (Version 2.0): Section 2.0 (CMMC Level 1 Asset Categories), which defines FCI Assets and Out-of-Scope Assets.

32 CFR Part 170 (CMMC Program Rule): Establishes the simplified scoping requirements for Level 1 self-assessments.

CMMC Level 1 Assessment Guide: Clarifies that the scope includes all " information systems " (including test equipment) used by the contractor to process, store, or transmit FCI.

Understanding CMMC Assessment Methods

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)definesthree primary assessment methodsused to verify compliance with cybersecurity practices:

Examine– Reviewing documents, policies, configurations, and logs.

Interview– Engaging with subject matter experts (SMEs) to clarify processes and verify implementation.

Test– Observing technical implementations, such as system configurations and security measures.

Since the question asks for a method thatgathers information from SMEs to facilitate understanding and achieve clarification, the correct method isInterview.

Why " Interview " is Correct?

✅Interviewsare specifically designed togather information from SMEsto confirm understanding and clarify security processes.

✅TheCMMC Assessment Guiderequires assessors tointerview key personnelresponsible for cybersecurity practices.

✅Examine (Option B)andTest (Option A)are also valid assessment methods, but they donot focus on gathering insights directly from SMEs.

Breakdown of Answer Choices

Option

Description

Correct?

A. Test

❌Incorrect–This method involvestechnical verification, not gathering SME insights.

B. Examine

❌Incorrect–This method focuses ondocument review, not SME interaction.

C. Interview

✅Correct – The method used to gather information from SMEs and achieve clarification.

D. Assessment

❌Incorrect–This is a general term,not a specific assessment method.

Official References from CMMC 2.0 Documentation

CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)– DefinesInterviewas the method for obtaining information from SMEs.

Final Verification and Conclusion

The correct answer isC. Interview, as this methodgathers insights from subject matter expertsto verify cybersecurity implementations.

Who Do DoD Contractors Report CUI Breaches To?

PerDFARS 252.204-7012, all DoD contractors handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)must report cyber incidents to theDoD Cyber Crime Center (DC3).

Key Reporting Requirements

✅Cyber incidents involving CUI must be reported toDC3 within 72 hours.

✅Reports must be submitted via theDoD ' s Cyber Incident Reporting Portal.

✅Contractors mustpreserve forensic evidencefor potential investigation.

Why " DoD Cyber Crime Center " is Correct?

The FBI (Option A) handles criminal investigations, but DoD contractorsmust report cyber incidents to DC3.

NARA (Option B) oversees the CUI Registry, butis not responsible for breach reporting.

The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (Option D) is responsible for intelligence operations, not incident reporting.

Breakdown of Answer Choices

Option

Description

Correct?

A. FBI

❌Incorrect–The FBI handlescriminal cases, not CUI breach reporting.

B. NARA

❌Incorrect–NARA manages theCUI Registry, butdoes not handle breaches.

C. DoD Cyber Crime Center

✅Correct – Per DFARS 252.204-7012, cyber incidents involving CUI must be reported to DC3.

D. Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security

❌Incorrect–This office doesnothandle cyber incident reports.

Official References from CMMC 2.0 and DFARS Documentation

DFARS 252.204-7012– Requires DoD contractors to report CUI-related cyber incidents toDC3.

DoD Cyber Crime Center (DC3) Website– The official platform forcyber incident reporting.

Final Verification and Conclusion

The correct answer isC. DoD Cyber Crime Center, as perDFARS 252.204-7012, which mandates that all DoD contractors reportCUI breaches to DC3 within 72 hours.

During aCMMC readiness review, anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)may argue that a specificenclave (network segment or system) is out of scopefor assessment. TheLead Assessor is responsible for verifying and approving this request.

Roles and Responsibilities in CMMC Assessments:

Certified CMMC Professional (CCP)

A CCP supports OSCs inpreparing for assessmentsbutdoes not make final scope determinations.

Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)

The C3PAOoversees the assessmentbut doesnot personally verify scope exclusions—that falls under theLead Assessor’s role.

Lead Assessor (Correct Answer)

TheLead Assessor has the authorityto determine if anenclave is out of scopebased on OSC-provided evidence.

The Lead Assessor followsCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) guidelinesto ensure proper scoping.

Advisory Board

TheCMMC-AB (Advisory Board) does not make scope determinations. It focuses onprogram oversightandcertification processes.

Official References Supporting the Correct Answer:

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0

TheLead Assessor is responsible for confirming the assessment scopeand determining enclave applicability.

CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 2 Assessments

Requires theLead Assessor to review and approve any enclave exclusionsbefore finalizing the assessment scope.

Conclusion:

TheLead Assessoris the correct answer because they have the authority to verify scope determinations during the assessment.

✅Correct Answer: C. Lead Assessor

Contractors that handle Covered Defense Information (CDI) are required to report cyber incidents to the Department of Defense within 72 hours of discovery.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

DFARS 252.204-7012(c)(1): “When the Contractor discovers a cyber incident that affects a covered contractor information system or the covered defense information residing therein, the Contractor shall conduct a review… and rapidly report the cyber incident to DoD within 72 hours of discovery.”

Why Option C is Correct:

The regulation explicitly specifies 72 hours.

Options A (24 hrs), B (48 hrs), and D (96 hrs) do not align with DFARS requirements.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content and Source Documents):

DFARS 252.204-7012, Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting.

CMMC v2.0 Governance – Source Documents list includes DFARS 252.204-7012.

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