Free Cyber AB CMMC-CCP Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

Step 1: Review CMMC 2.0 Reforms (Level 1 – Foundational)

As part ofCMMC 2.0, the DoD announced changes toreduce burden and costsfor companies that only handleFederal Contract Information (FCI):

DoD Statement (CMMC 2.0 Overview):

“Level 1 (Foundational) will only require an annual self-assessment, affirming implementation of the 17 FAR 52.204-21 controls.”

✅Step 2: Intent of “Reduced Assessment Costs”

The move to allowself-assessments at Level 1was explicitly designed toeliminate the costof hiring third-party assessors for organizations that only handle FCI.

Level 1 self-assessments are:

Conductedinternally by the OSC,

Affirmed annuallyby a senior company official,

Submitted via SPRS(Supplier Performance Risk System).

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

B. Opt out of CMMC Assessments

✘Incorrect. Organizations must still perform aself-assessmentannually — they cannot opt out entirely.

C. Have assessment costs reimbursed by the DoD

✘No such reimbursement mechanism exists.

D. Pay no more than $500.00…

✘No such fixed cost is set or guaranteed in CMMC documentation.

UnderCMMC 2.0, all companies atLevel 1 (Foundational)are permitted toconduct self-assessmentsannually to demonstrate compliance, supporting the DoD’s goal ofreducing assessment costsfor low-risk contractors.

Understanding the Final Review Process in a CMMC Assessment

During aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theAssessment Teamand theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)holddaily checkpoint meetingsto discuss progress, review evidence, and ensure transparency.

At theend of the assessment, afinal review meetingis conducted, during which theLead Assessor presents the results. Therecorded Daily Checkpoint logserves as theofficial document summarizing:

Theattendee list

Time, date, and locationof the final review

Final MET or NOT MET ratingsfor all practices

Discussion points, resulting actions, and due datesfor both the OSC and Assessment Team

Why "D. Final and recorded Daily Checkpoint log" is Correct?

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guidespecifies that all assessment findings and discussions must bedocumented throughout the assessment in daily checkpoint logs.

TheFinal and Recorded Daily Checkpoint Logincludes all necessary details, such as attendee lists, discussion topics, and action items.

This document isused to ensure all discussed topics and agreed-upon actions are properly tracked and recordedbefore submission.

Why Other Answers Are Incorrect?

A. Final log report (Incorrect)

There isno specific "Final Log Report"required in CMMC assessments.

B. Final CMMC report (Incorrect)

TheFinal CMMC Reportdocuments the overall assessment results butdoes not serve as the official meeting logfor the final review discussion.

C. Final and recorded OSC CMMC report (Incorrect)

This documentdoes not include detailed discussion points from the daily checkpoint meetings.

Conclusion

The correct answer isD. Final and recorded Daily Checkpoint log, as this is the official document that captures thefinal meeting details, discussions, and action items.

What Happens in Phase 4 of the CMMC Assessment Process?

Phase 4 of theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)is theFinal Reporting and Decision Phase. During this phase, theLead Assessormust:

Review all assessment findings

Determine the Organization Seeking Certification’s (OSC) eligibility for certification

Make a recommendation to the C3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization)

Key Responsibilities of the Lead Assessor in Phase 4:

Ensure that the OSC hasmet the required practices and processes.

Confirm that anydeficiencieshave been corrected or appropriately documented.

Recommendwhether the OSC is eligible for certificationbased on assessment results.

Since theLead Assessor must determine and recommend the OSC’s eligibilityto the C3PAO, the correct answer isB. Eligibility.

Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

A. Ability

❌Incorrect. While assessing an OSC’s ability to meet CMMC requirements is part of the process, the final determination in Phase 4 is abouteligibilityfor certification.

C. Capability

❌Incorrect. Capability refers to an organization'stechnical and operational readiness. The Lead Assessor is making a recommendation oneligibility, not just capability.

D. Suitability

❌Incorrect. Suitability is not a defined term in theCMMC CAP processfor final assessment recommendations. The correct term iseligibility.

CMMC Official References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document– Specifies that the Lead Assessor must determine and recommend theeligibilityof the OSC in Phase 4.

CMMC 2.0 Model– Defines the assessment process, including certification decision-making.

Thus,option B (Eligibility) is the correct answer, as per official CMMC guidance.

The Cyber AB (formerly CMMC-AB) Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC) is a mandatory agreement that all CMMC ecosystem members—including Certified CMMC Professionals (CCPs) and Certified CMMC Assessors (CCAs)—must adhere to. This code ensures the reliability and trustworthiness of the assessment process.

The fundamental principles that form the foundation of the CoPC include:

Responsibility: This refers to the obligation of the CMMC professional to act in the best interest of the CMMC program, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the public. It includes maintaining professional competence and performing duties with due care.

Confidentiality: Assessors and professionals are granted access to sensitive information, including Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) and proprietary business data of the Organization Seeking Certification (OSC). They must ensure this information is protected from unauthorized disclosure.

Information Integrity: This principle requires that all data, findings, and reports generated during the assessment are accurate, complete, and have not been tampered with. It ensures that the "Met" or "Not Met" determinations are based on honest evidence.

Why other options are incorrect:

Options A and B (Objectivity): While "Objectivity" is a crucialbehavioralrequirement for an assessor (remaining unbiased), the specific high-level triad often emphasized in the CMMC Professional training and the formal CoPC documentation focuses on the Responsibility-Confidentiality-Integrity framework to align with standard professional ethics and information security pillars.

Options A and C (Classification): "Classification" is a process used for National Security Information (Classified info), whereas CMMC is primarily focused on unclassified information (CUI and FCI). Classification is not a core principle of the professional code of conduct.

Options A and C (Information Accuracy): While accuracy is vital, it is considered a subset of Information Integrity within the formal definitions provided in the CCP curriculum.

Reference Documents:

CMMC-AB (The Cyber AB) Code of Professional Conduct: The official ethical framework for all credentialed individuals.

CMMC Professional (CCP) Study Guide: Section on "Ethics and the Code of Professional Conduct."

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP): References the ethical standards required to maintain the integrity of the assessment ecosystem.

Understanding Specialized Assets in a CMMC Self-Assessment

DuringCMMC Level 1 Self-Assessments, organizations must classify theirassetsin theSystem Security Plan (SSP).

Specialized Asset Type: Operational Technology (OT)

Operational Technology (OT)includesmachine controllers, industrial control systems (ICS), and assembly machines.

Thesesystems control physical processesin manufacturing, energy, and industrial environments.

OT assets are distinct from traditional IT systemsbecause they haveunique security considerations(e.g., real-time control, legacy system constraints).

Why is the Correct Answer "D. Operational Technology"?

A. IoT (Internet of Things) → Incorrect

IoT devicesinclude smart home systems, connected sensors, and networked appliances, butmachine controllers and assembly machines fall under OT, not IoT.

B. Restricted IS → Incorrect

Restricted Information Systems (IS) refer to classified or highly controlled systems, whichdoes not apply to standard industrial machines.

C. Test Equipment → Incorrect

Test equipment includes diagnostic tools or measurement devicesused forquality assurance, not industrial machine controllers.

D. Operational Technology → Correct

Machine controllers and assembly machinesare part ofindustrial automation and control systems, which are classified asOperational Technology (OT).

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 1 & Level 2 Assessments

DefinesOperational Technology (OT) as a category of Specialized Assetsthat requirespecific security considerations.

NIST SP 800-82 (Guide to Industrial Control Systems Security)

Identifiesmachine controllers and assembly machinesas part ofOperational Technology (OT).

CMMC 2.0 Asset Classification Guidelines

Specifies thatOT systems should be documented separately in an organization's SSP.

What Does the Practice of Professionalism Require in the CMMC Code of Professional Conduct?

TheCMMC Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC)sets ethical and professional standards forCertified CMMC Assessors (CCAs) and Certified CMMC Professionals (CCPs).Professionalismrequireshonesty and integrity in all CMMC-related activities.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

✅1. Professionalism Requires Ethical Behavior

TheCoPC states that professionalismincludes:

Acting with integrityin all assessment-related activities.

Providing truthful and objective assessmentsof cybersecurity practices.

Avoiding deceptive or misleading claimsabout assessments or compliance.

✅2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(A) Do not copy materials without permission to do so❌

This falls underIntellectual Property (IP) protection, notProfessionalism.

(B) Do not make assertions about assessment outcomes❌

Assessorsmustprovide findings based on evidence. The rule is aboutnot making false or misleading claims, not about avoiding assertions altogether.

(D) Ensure the security of all information discovered or received❌

This falls underConfidentiality, notProfessionalism.

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:

TheCMMC Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC)definesProfessionalism as requiring honesty and integrityin allCMMC-related activities.

Thus, the correct answer is:

✅C. Refrain from dishonesty in all dealings regarding CMMC.

Understanding Federal Contract Information (FCI) and Publicly Accessible Information

Federal Contract Information (FCI)isnon-public informationprovided by or generated for the U.S. governmentunder a contractthat isnot intended for public release.

Key Characteristics of FCI:

✔FCI includesdetails related togovernment contracts, project specifics, and performance data.

✔It must be protected under FAR 52.204-21, which requiresbasic safeguarding measuresto prevent unauthorized access.

✔Posting FCI on a public site is a security violationsince it ismeant to be restrictedfrom public disclosure.

Why is the Correct Answer "A. FCI (Federal Contract Information)"?

A. FCI → Correct

FCI must be protected from unauthorized access, and if it wasincorrectly published online, it should have been restricted.

B. Change of leadership in the organization → Incorrect

Leadership changes are typically public informationand do not require restriction unless they involve sensitive government-related security clearances.

C. Launching of their new business service line → Incorrect

Marketing and business announcementsare generallypublicly availableandnot restricted information.

D. Public releases identifying major deals signed with commercial entities → Incorrect

Commercial contracts and business deals are not considered FCIunless they involvegovernment contracts.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

FAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems)

DefinesFCI as sensitive but unclassified informationthat must beprotected from public disclosure.

CMMC 2.0 Level 1 Requirements

Requires contractors toprotect FCI under basic cybersecurity standardsto prevent unauthorized exposure.

DoD Guidance on FCI Protection

States thatpublishing FCI on public websites violates federal cybersecurity requirements.

ACertified CMMC Professional (CCP)advising anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)must ensure thatFederal Contract Information (FCI)andControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)are properly documented within required security documents.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

✅1. System Security Plan (SSP)

CMMC Level 2requires anSSPto documenthow CUI is protected, including:

Security controlsimplemented

Asset categorization(CUI Assets, Security Protection Assets, etc.)

Policies and proceduresfor handling CUI

✅2. Asset Inventory

Anasset inventorylistsall relevant IT systems, applications, and hardwarethat store, process, or transmitCUI or FCI.

TheCMMC Scoping Guiderequires OSCs to identifyCUI-relevant assetsas part of their compliance.

✅3. Network Diagram

Anetwork diagramvisually representshow data flows across systems, showing:

WhereCUI is transmitted and stored

Security boundaries protectingCUI Assets

Connectivity betweenCUI Assets and Security Protection Assets

✅4. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(B) Within the hardware inventory, data flow diagram, and in the network diagram❌

While adata flow diagramis useful,hardware inventory alone is insufficientto document CUI.

(C) Within the asset inventory, in the proposal response, and in the network diagram❌

Aproposal responseis not a required document for CMMC assessments.

(D) In the network diagram, in the SSP, within the base inventory, and in the proposal response❌

Base inventoryis not a specific CMMC documentation requirement.

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:

TheCMMC Assessment Guideconfirms that FCI and CUI must be documented in:

The SSP

The asset inventory

The network diagram

Thus, the correct answer is:

✅A. "In the SSP, within the asset inventory, and in the network diagram."

Understanding Restricted Information Systems (IS) in CMMC Scoping

InCMMC 2.0,Specialized Assetsrefer to assets that do not fit traditional IT system categories but still play a role inprocessing, storing, or transmitting Federal Contract Information (FCI) or Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI). The four categories ofSpecialized Assetsin theCMMC Scoping Guideinclude:

Internet of Things (IoT) Devices– Smart or network-connected devices.

Restricted Information Systems (Restricted IS)– Systems that arecontractually requiredto beconfigured to government specifications.

Test Equipment– Devices used for specialized testing or measurement.

Government Property– Equipment owned by theU.S. Governmentbut used by contractors.

Why "B. Restricted IS" is Correct?

The contractor-owned systems in question areconfigured based on government requirementsandused to support a DoD contract.

Restricted ISassets arecontractually requiredto meet government security requirements andhandle DoD-related information.

These systemsdo not fall under general IT assets but instead require special handling, making them a Restricted ISper theCMMC Scoping Guide.

Why Other Answers Are Incorrect?

A. IoT (Incorrect)

IoT devices includesmart devices, sensors, and embedded systems, but the contractor's business systems are not classified as IoT.

C. Test Equipment (Incorrect)

The contractor’s systems areused for handling FCI, not for testing or measurement.

D. Government Property (Incorrect)

The systems arecontractor-owned, not owned by theU.S. Government, so they do not qualify asGovernment Property.

Conclusion

The correct answer isB. Restricted IS, as the systems arecontractor-owned but must follow DoD security requirements.

When a company usesthird-party IT providersto manage their infrastructure, these organizations are classified asExternal Service Providers (ESPs)underCMMC scoping guidelines.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

✅1. What is an ESP?

External Service Providers (ESPs)arethird-party organizationsthat:

ProvideIT services, cloud hosting, and managed security solutions.

Process, store, or transmit FCI or CUIon behalf of a contractor.

Mustmeet the same security requirementsas the OSC if they handle FCI or CUI.

If a company relies ona hosting provider to manage IT infrastructure, that provider is anESPunderCMMC scoping guidelines.

✅2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(B) People❌

Incorrect:ESPs areorganizations, not individual people.

(C) Facilities❌

Incorrect:Facilities refer tophysical locationslike office buildings or data centers, not third-partyservice providers.

(D) Technology❌

Incorrect:While ESPs provide technology services, the correct term forthird-party IT providersunder CMMC isESPs, not just "Technology."

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:

TheCMMC Level 1 Scoping GuidedefinesExternal Service Providers (ESPs)asthird-party organizations that manage IT infrastructure and security services.

Thus, the correct answer is:

✅A. ESPs (External Service Providers).