Free PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 9

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Questions 81

Scenario 7: Webvue. headquartered in Japan, is a technology company specializing in the development, support, and maintenance of computer software. Webvue provides solutions across various technology fields and business sectors. Its flagship service is CloudWebvue, a comprehensive cloud computing platform offering storage, networking, and virtual computing services. Designed for both businesses and individual users. CloudWebvue is known for its flexibility, scalability, and reliability.

Webvue has decided to only include CloudWebvue in its ISO/IEC 27001 certification scope. Thus, the stage 1 and 2 audits were performed simultaneously Webvue takes pride in its strictness regarding asset confidentiality They protect the information stored in CloudWebvue by using appropriate cryptographic controls. Every piece of information of any classification level, whether for internal use. restricted, or confidential, is first encrypted with a unique corresponding hash and then stored in the cloud

The audit team comprised five persons Keith. Sean. Layla, Sam. and Tina. Keith, the most experienced auditor on the IT and information security auditing team, was the audit team leader. His responsibilities included planning the audit and managing the audit team. Sean and Layla were experienced in project planning, business analysis, and IT systems (hardware and application) Their tasks included audit planning according to Webvue’s internal systems and processes Sam and Tina, on the other hand, who had recently completed their education, were responsible for completing the day-to-day tasks while developing their audit skills

While verifying conformity to control 8.24 Use of cryptography of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A through interviews with the relevant staff, the audit team found out that the cryptographic keys have been initially generated based on random bit generator (RBG) and other best practices for the generation of the cryptographic keys. After checking Webvue's cryptography policy, they concluded that the information obtained by the interviews was true. However, the cryptographic keys are still in use because the policy does not address the use and lifetime of cryptographic keys.

As later agreed upon between Webvue and the certification body, the audit team opted to conduct a virtual audit specifically focused on verifying conformity to control 8.11 Data Masking of ISO/IEC 27001 within Webvue, aligning with the certification scope and audit objectives. They examined the processes involved in protecting data within CloudWebvue. focusing on how the company adhered to its policies and regulatory standards. As part of this process. Keith, the audit team leader, took screenshot copies of relevant documents and cryptographic key management procedures to document and analyze the effectiveness of Webvue's practices.

Webvue uses generated test data for testing purposes. However, as determined by both the interview with the manager of the QA Department and the procedures used by this department, sometimes live system data are used. In such scenarios, large amounts of data are generated while producing more accurate results. The test data is protected and controlled, as verified by the simulation of the encryption process performed by Webvue's personnel during the audit

While interviewing the manager of the QA Department, Keith observed that employees in the Security Training Department were not following proper procedures, even though this department fell outside the audit scope. Despite the exclusion in the audit scope, the non conformity in the Security Training Department has potential implications for the processes within the audit scope, specifically impacting data security and cryptographic practices in CloudWebvue. Therefore, Keith incorporated this finding into the audit report and accordingly informed the auditee.

Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

Question:

Did Keith make the appropriate decision regarding Webvue’s documents during the virtual audit?

Options:

Yes, taking screenshots of document copies is allowed without prior permission, provided the audit is not being recorded

No, because he should have obtained permission before taking screenshot copies of documents

No, as screenshot copies are not permitted at all during virtual audits

PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Premium Access

Elaine Hail

18-Jun-2026

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Questions 82

Scenario 9: UpNet, a networking company, has been certified against ISO/IEC 27001. It provides network security, virtualization, cloud computing, network hardware, network management software, and networking technologies.

The company's recognition has increased drastically since gaining ISO/IEC 27001 certification. The certification confirmed the maturity of UpNefs operations and its compliance with a widely recognized and accepted standard.

But not everything ended after the certification. UpNet continually reviewed and enhanced its security controls and the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the ISMS by conducting internal audits. The top management was not willing to employ a full-time team of internal auditors, so they decided to outsource the internal audit function. This form of internal audits ensured independence, objectivity, and that they had an advisory role about the continual improvement of the ISMS.

Not long after the initial certification audit, the company created a new department specialized in data and storage products. They offered routers and switches optimized for data centers and software-based networking devices, such as network virtualization and network security appliances. This caused changes to the operations of the other departments already covered in the ISMS certification scope.

Therefore. UpNet initiated a risk assessment process and an internal audit. Following the internal audit result, the company confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the existing and new processes and controls.

The top management decided to include the new department in the certification scope since it complies with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. UpNet announced that it is ISO/IEC 27001 certified and the certification scope encompasses the whole company.

One year after the initial certification audit, the certification body conducted another audit of UpNefs ISMS. This audit aimed to determine the UpNefs ISMS fulfillment of specified ISO/IEC 27001 requirements and ensure that the ISMS is being continually improved. The audit team confirmed that the certified ISMS continues to fulfill

the requirements of the standard. Nonetheless, the new department caused a significant impact on governing the management system. Moreover, the certification body was not informed about any changes. Thus, the UpNefs certification was suspended.

Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

UpNet announced that the ISMS certification scope encompasses the whole company once ensuring that the new department also complies with the ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. How would you classify this situation illustrated in scenario 9?

Options:

Unacceptable, the internal auditor should have approved the extension audit, not the top management

Unacceptable, UpNet should have requested and granted an extension audit prior to making the announcement

Acceptable, the internal audit confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the existing and new processes and controls

Questions 83

During an opening meeting of a Stage 2 audit, the Managing Director of the client organisation invites the audit team to view a new organisation video lasting 45 minutes.

Which two of the following responses should the audit team leader make?

Options:

State that the audit team leader will stay behind after the opening meeting to view the video on behalf of the team

Advise the Managing Director that the audit team agrees to his request

Advise the Managing Director that the audit team has to keep to the planned schedule

Invite the Managing Director to the auditors' hotel for a viewing that evening.

Suggest that the last five minutes of the video could be viewed to provide a flavour of its content

Suggest that the video could be viewed during a refreshment break

Answer:

C, F

Explanation:

From Exact Extract:

Explanation for C (Correct Response):

The audit team leader's primary responsibility is to manage the audit process effectively and efficiently according to the agreed-upon audit plan and schedule. A Stage 2 audit schedule is typically tightly managed to ensure all required elements of the management system are sampled within the allocated time. A 45-minute video presentation is a significant time commitment that would disrupt the planned audit activities. Politely but firmly stating the need to adhere to the schedule is professional and critical for maintaining audit integrity and achieving the audit objectives.

[Reference:, ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.5 "Establishing the audit plan": This clause emphasizes that "The audit plan shall be designed to achieve the objectives of the audit... and effectively use the available audit time." Deviating for a 45-minute video directly contradicts effective time use., ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.2 "Conducting the opening meeting": While the opening meeting covers introductions and confirming the audit plan, it does not include extensive presentations unrelated to the audit. The audit team leader is expected to manage the meeting effectively., General Auditing Principle of Time Management: Auditors are bound by the agreed-upon audit duration. Unplanned lengthy activities compromise the ability to complete the audit scope., Explanation for F (Correct Response - as a polite alternative/compromise):, While watching the full 45-minute video is not feasible, suggesting it be viewed during a refreshment break is a diplomatic way of indicating that audit time cannot be used for this purpose. Refreshment breaks are informal and typically short; this suggestion subtly implies that only a very brief, informal viewing might be possible (or that the video's length makes it unsuitable even for a break), reinforcing that core audit activities take precedence. It's a polite refusal of the main request while showing a slight willingness to accommodate if feasible, without compromising the audit schedule., , Reference:, ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.8 "Conducting audit activities": This clause emphasizes that audit activities should be focused on collecting objective evidence relevant to the audit criteria. Viewing a general organizational video is generally not an audit activity., Professional Conduct: An audit team leader should be professional and polite, seeking to maintain good client relations while ensuring audit objectives are met. This option balances politeness with adherence to audit principles., Explanation for A (Incorrect Response):, It is not appropriate for the audit team leader to stay behind after the meeting to view the video. This implies the video is a necessary part of the audit, which it isn't. More importantly, it uses the auditor's time inefficiently and could impact subsequent audit activities or the auditor's personal time. The entire team does not need to view general promotional material., Explanation for B (Incorrect Response):, Agreeing to watch a 45-minute video would significantly disrupt the pre-planned Stage 2 audit schedule. This would be a failure in audit planning and time management, potentially preventing the team from completing the necessary audit activities and gathering sufficient evidence for certification., , Reference:, ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.5 "Establishing the audit plan": Directly contradicts the principle of effective time use., Explanation for D (Incorrect Response):, Inviting the Managing Director to the auditors' hotel is highly unprofessional and inappropriate. Auditor-client interactions should remain professional and generally occur on the client's premises during business hours related to the audit. This blurs professional boundaries and is outside the scope of acceptable auditor conduct., , Reference:, ISO 19011:2018, Clause 5 "Principles of auditing" (Ethical Conduct): Maintaining professionalism and appropriate boundaries is a core ethical principle for auditors., Explanation for E (Incorrect Response - less ideal than C or F):, While this might seem like a compromise, suggesting to watch only the last five minutes still consumes audit time (even if brief) and can set an expectation for other non-audit-related requests. It's generally better to politely decline outright due to schedule constraints (as in C) or offer a less formal, non-audit-time option (as in F). It still risks implying that this type of material is relevant to the audit., , , , ]

Questions 84

Scenario 3: Rebuildy is a construction company located in Bangkok.. Thailand, that specializes in designing, building, and maintaining residential buildings. To ensure the security of sensitive project data and client information, Rebuildy decided to implement an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001. This included a comprehensive understanding of information security risks, a defined continual improvement approach, and robust business solutions.

The ISMS implementation outcomes are presented below

•Information security is achieved by applying a set of security controls and establishing policies, processes, and procedures.

•Security controls are implemented based on risk assessment and aim to eliminate or reduce risks to an acceptable level.

•All processes ensure the continual improvement of the ISMS based on the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model.

•The information security policy is part of a security manual drafted based on best security practices Therefore, it is not a stand-alone document.

•Information security roles and responsibilities have been clearly stated in every employees job description

•Management reviews of the ISMS are conducted at planned intervals.

Rebuildy applied for certification after two midterm management reviews and one annual internal audit Before the certification audit one of Rebuildy’s former employees approached one of the audit team members to tell them that Rebuildy has several security problems that the company is trying to conceal. The former employee presented the documented evidence to the audit team member Electra, a key client of Rebuildy, also submitted evidence on the same issues, and the auditor determined to retain this evidence instead of the former employee's. The audit team member remained in contact with Electra until the audit was completed, discussing the nonconformities found during the audit. Electra provided additional evidence to support these findings.

At the beginning of the audit, the audit team interviewed the company’s top management They discussed, among other things, the top management's commitment to the ISMS implementation. The evidence obtained from these discussions was documented in written confirmation, which was used to determine Rebuildy’s conformity to several clauses of ISO/IEC 27001

The documented evidence obtained from Electra was attached to the audit report, along with the nonconformities report. Among others, the following nonconformities were detected:

•An instance of improper user access control settings was detected within the company's financial reporting system.

•A stand-alone information security policy has not been established. Instead, the company uses a security manual drafted based on best security practices.

After receiving these documents from the audit team, the team leader met Rebuildy’s top management to present the audit findings. The audit team reported the findings related to the financial reporting system and the lack of a stand-alone information security policy. The top management expressed dissatisfaction with the findings and suggested that the audit team leader's conduct was unprofessional, implying they might request a replacement. Under pressure, the audit team leader decided to cooperate with top management to downplay the significance of the detected nonconformities. Consequently, the audit team leader adjusted the report to present a more favorable view, thus misrepresenting the true extent of Rebuildy's compliance issues.

Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

Question:

Is it acceptable for the auditor to prioritize keeping the evidence provided by Electra over the evidence provided by the former employee?

Options:

No, because evidence from a former employee is always more reliable than that from a client

No, both sources of evidence should be retained and evaluated equally

Yes, because evidence from a client is considered more reliable due to their independent status

Questions 85

The data center at which you work is currently seeking ISO/IEC27001:2022 certification. In preparation for your initial certification visit a number of internal audits have been carried out by a colleague working at another data centre within your Group. They secured their ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certificate earlier in the year.

You have just qualified as an Internal ISMS auditor and your manager has asked you to review the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external Certrfication Body arrives.

Which six of the following would cause you concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements?

Options:

The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year

Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation's intranet

The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes

The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022

Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date

Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes

The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities

Answer:

A, C, E, F, H, I

Explanation:

According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 9.3 requires top management to review the organization’s ISMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness1. Clause 9.2 requires the organization to conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained1. Therefore, when reviewing the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external certification body arrives, an internal ISMS auditor should verify that these clauses are met in accordance with the audit criteria.

Six of the following statements would cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:

The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not conducting management reviews at planned intervals, as required by clause 9.3. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS.

The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not applying a risk-based approach to determine the audit frequency, methods, scope and criteria, as recommended by ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems2. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address the most significant risks and opportunities for its ISMS.

Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not establishing audit criteria for each internal audit, as required by clause 9.2. Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared2. Without audit criteria, it is not possible to determine whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.

Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not evaluating the effectiveness of ISMS processes, as required by clause 9.1. Effectiveness is the extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved2. Efficiency is the relationship between the result achieved and the resources used2. Both aspects are important for measuring and evaluating ISMS performance and improvement.

The audit programme does not take into account the results of previous audits: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not using the results of previous audits as an input for planning and conducting subsequent audits, as recommended by ISO 19011:20182. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address any recurring or unresolved issues or nonconformities related to its ISMS.

Top management commitment to the ISMS will not be audited before the certification visit, according to the audit programme: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not verifying that top management demonstrates leadership and commitment with respect to its ISMS, as required by clause 5.1. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure that the ISMS policy and objectives are established and compatible with the strategic direction of the organization; that roles, responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned and communicated; that resources needed for the ISMS are available; that communication about information security matters is established; that continual improvement of the ISMS is promoted; that other relevant management reviews are aligned with those of information security; and that support is provided to other relevant roles1.

The other statements would not cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:

Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation’s intranet: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific format or media for documenting or storing audit reports, as long as they are controlled according to clause 7.5.

The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for auditor independence, as long as the audit is conducted objectively and impartially, in accordance with ISO 19011:20182.

The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for referencing audit methods or audit responsibilities in the audit programme, as long as they are defined and documented according to ISO 19011:20182.

The audit process states the results of audits will be made available to ‘relevant’ managers, not top management: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for communicating the results of audits to top management, as long as they are reported to the relevant parties and used as an input for management review, according to clause 9.3.

[References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology – Security techniques – Information security management systems – Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, , , ]

Questions 86

You are performing an ISMS audit at a nursing home where residents always wear an electronic wristband for monitoring their location, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The wristband automatically uploads this data to a cloud server for healthcare monitoring and analysis by staff.

You now wish to verify that the information security policy and objectives have been established by top management. You are sampling the mobile device policy and identify a security objective of this policy is "to ensure the security of teleworking and use of mobile devices" The policy states the following controls will be applied in order to achieve this.

Personal mobile devices are prohibited from connecting to the nursing home network, processing, and storing residents'

data.

The company's mobile devices within the ISMS scope shall be registered in the asset register.

The company's mobile devices shall implement or enable physical protection, i.e., pin-code protected screen lock/unlock,

facial or fingerprint to unlock the device.

The company's mobile devices shall have a regular backup.

To verify that the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented and effective, select three options for your audit trail.

Options:

Interview the reception personnel to make sure all visitor and employee bags are checked before entering the nursing home

Review visitors' register book to make sure no visitor can have their personal mobile phone in the nursing home

Review the internal audit report to make sure the IT department has been audited

Review the asset register to make sure all personal mobile devices are registered

Sampling some mobile devices from on-duty medical staff and validate the mobile device information with the asset register

Review the asset register to make sure all company's mobile devices are registered

Interview the supplier of the devices to make sure they are aware of the ISMS policy

Answer:

C, E, F

Explanation:

According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 5.2 requires top management to establish an information security policy that provides the framework for setting information security objectives1. Clause 6.2 requires top management to ensure that the information security objectives are established at relevant functions and levels1. Therefore, when verifying that the information security policy and objectives have been established by top management, an ISMS auditor should review relevant documents and records that demonstrate top management’s involvement and commitment.

To verify that the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented and effective, an ISMS auditor should review relevant documents and records that demonstrate how the policy and objectives are communicated, monitored, measured, analyzed, and evaluated. The auditor should also sample and verify the implementation of the controls that are stated in the policy.

Three options for the audit trail that are relevant to verifying the mobile device policy and objectives are:

Review the internal audit report to make sure the IT department has been audited: This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the IT department, which is responsible for managing the mobile devices and their security, has been evaluated for its conformity and effectiveness in implementing the mobile device policy and objectives. The internal audit report can also reveal any nonconformities, corrective actions, or opportunities for improvement related to the mobile device policy and objectives.

Sampling some mobile devices from on-duty medical staff and validate the mobile device information with the asset register: This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the mobile devices that are used by the medical staff, who are involved in processing and storing residents’ data, are registered in the asset register and have physical protection enabled. This can verify the implementation and effectiveness of two of the controls that are stated in the mobile device policy.

Review the asset register to make sure all company’s mobile devices are registered: This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the company’s mobile devices that are within the ISMS scope are identified and accounted for. This can verify the implementation and effectiveness of one of the controls that are stated in the mobile device policy.

The other options for the audit trail are not relevant to verifying the mobile device policy and objectives, as they are not related to the policy or objectives or their implementation or effectiveness. For example:

Interview the reception personnel to make sure all visitor and employee bags are checked before entering the nursing home: This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented or effective. It may be related to another policy or objective regarding physical security or access control, but not specifically to mobile devices.

Review visitors’ register book to make sure no visitor can have their personal mobile phone in the nursing home: This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented or effective. It may be related to another policy or objective regarding information security awareness or compliance, but not specifically to mobile devices.

Interview the supplier of the devices to make sure they are aware of the ISMS policy: This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented or effective. It may be related to another policy or objective regarding information security within supplier relationships, but not specifically to mobile devices.

Interview top management to verify their involvement in establishing the information security policy and the information security objectives: This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the mobile device policy and objectives are implemented or effective. It may be related to verifying that the information security policy and objectives have been established by top management, but not specifically to mobile devices.

[References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology – Security techniques – Information security management systems – Requirements, , ]

Questions 87

Select the words that best complete the sentence:

ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Question 87

Options:

Questions 88

Question:

Which of the following can be considered a minor nonconformity?

Options:

Employees lack training to recognize phishing attempts, increasing malware risks

Lack of multi-factor authentication leaves accounts vulnerable to unauthorized access

The information security policy lacks reference to continual ISMS improvement

Questions 89

A telecommunications company uses the AES method for ensuring that confidential information is protected. This means that they use a single key to encrypt and

decrypt the information. What kind of control does the company use?

Options:

Detective

Corrective

Preventive