Free OMSB OMSB_OEN Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

In this scenario, the nurse is assuming the role of an advocate. Advocacy involves acting on behalf of patients to ensure they receive the necessary services and support. This includes communicating with authorities to improve access to healthcare services, especially in underserved areas like rural communities. By addressing barriers and promoting patients' needs, the nurse helps to ensure equitable access to care and resources.

During the planning phase, a healthcare organization defines its mission, which states its purpose and fundamental aims to achieve in the long term. The mission statement outlines the organization’s core purpose, target population, and primary objectives. It provides direction and guides decision-makingand strategic planning. Vision, on the other hand, describes what the organization aspires to become in the future. Strategy refers to the specific actions and plans to achieve the mission and vision, while values are the principles and beliefs that guide the organization's behavior.

For a patient with acute gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), it is important to avoid foods that can trigger gallbladder pain. Boiled rice is a bland, low-fat food that is less likely to cause gallbladder irritation. Fried chicken, rich dressings, and scrambled eggs (especially if cooked with butter or oil) are high in fat and can stimulate gallbladder contractions, leading to pain and worsening inflammation. Therefore, boiled rice is the most suitable option to help reduce the incidence of acute episodes of gallbladder pain.

In patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a high reticulocyte level is commonly observed.

High Platelet Level: This is not typically associated with SCD.

Low Hematocrit Level: While common in SCD due to anemia, it is not as specific as reticulocyte count.

Low Leucocyte Level: This is not characteristic of SCD.

High Reticulocyte Level: Elevated reticulocyte count indicates increased red blood cell production in response to chronic hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) seen in SCD.

References:

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI): Sickle Cell Disease

American Society of Hematology (ASH): Sickle Cell Disease and Reticulocyte Count

Sleep Disorders in Kidney Failure:

Patients with kidney failure often experience various sleep disturbances due to factors like uremic toxins, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea.

Priority Intervention:

Somnolence and Parasomnia:These are conditions where patients may feel drowsy or experience abnormal behaviors during sleep, but they are not as immediately concerning.

Hypersomnia:Excessive sleepiness can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life, making it a priority for intervention.

Somnambulism:Sleepwalking can pose safety risks but is less common and usually less impactful than hypersomnia in kidney failure patients.

References:

National Kidney Foundation (NKF)

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)

The situation described is one where a verbal statement is made that can harm a doctor's reputation. This is best described as slander.

Libel: Libel refers to written defamation, not spoken.

Assault: Assault involves a threat or attempt to physically harm someone, which is not relevant here.

Slander: Slander refers to spoken defamation. The nurse's verbal statement about the doctor's competence falls under this category.

Malpractice: Malpractice involves professional negligence that causes harm to a patient, not defamation.

References:

American Nurses Association (ANA): Code of Ethics for Nurses

Legal Aspects of Nursing: Documentation, Confidentiality, and Defamation

Guideline for Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement:

Ensuring accurate and reliable blood pressure readings is crucial in diagnosing and managing hypertension.

Action Steps:

Record the average of two readings:Ensures a more accurate representation of the patient's blood pressure by minimizing potential anomalies from a single reading.

Highest reading or laying down:These methods may lead to inconsistent or inaccurate results.

Re-measure and average:This method is recommended to ensure reliability and accuracy by averaging out any potential anomalies in the readings.

References:

American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines on Blood Pressure Measurement

National Institutes of Health (NIH) on Hypertension Management

A perforated appendix is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as peritonitis and sepsis. Therefore, an appendectomy in this context is classified as an emergent procedure. Emergent surgeries are those that need to be performed without delay to preserve the patient's life or health.

For a client with brain cancer undergoing radiation therapy and exhibiting cachexia, the first nursing measure should be to encourage a high protein and high-calorie diet.

High Protein and High Calorie Diet: Cachexia is a severe form of malnutrition often seen in cancer patients, characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and decreasedquality of life. Ensuring adequate nutrition is crucial to improve strength, immune function, and overall well-being.

Frequent Oral Hygiene: This is important, especially if the patient has oral side effects from radiation, but it does not address the primary issue of malnutrition.

Daily Physical Activity: Beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and overall health but should be secondary to addressing severe nutritional deficits.

Small Cold Meals: These may be more palatable if the patient has nausea but should also be high in calories and protein to combat cachexia.

References:

American Cancer Society: Managing Cancer Cachexia

Oncology Nursing Society (ONS): Nutrition and Cancer Care

Types of Stressors in Preoperative Patients:

Social:Related to interactions with family, friends, and community.

Physical:Directly affecting the body, such as pain or physical disability.

Physiological:Body’s physical response to stress.

Psychological:Mental and emotional response to stressors, including anxiety, fear, and worry about the surgery and its outcomes.

Stressors for Cardiac Surgery Patients:

Psychological:Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery often experience significant psychological stress due to fear of the procedure, potential complications, and concerns about recovery.

References:

American Psychological Association (APA) on Stress and Surgery

Mayo Clinic on Preoperative Anxiety and Stress Management