Free OMSB OMSB_OEN Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

The best intervention for helping an educated 79-year-old woman remember to take her medications is to provide a weekly pill box and develop a written medication schedule. This approach empowers the patient to manage her medications independently, reducing the risk of non-compliance. Asking a family member to administer medications or referring the patient to a care home might not be necessary if the patient can manage with simple tools. Consulting the physician to reduce or combine medications is an option but does not address the immediate need for a practical solution to medication management.

Insufficient Sleep and Obesity:

Lack of sleep disrupts hormones that regulate hunger, such as leptin and ghrelin, leading to increased appetite and potential weight gain.

Studies have shown a clear link between insufficient sleep and higher body mass index (BMI).

Other Statements:

Depression and Weight:Depression can affect weight, often leading to weight gain or loss.

Work Stress and Diabetes:Stress is linked to type 2 diabetes, not type 1.

Activity Levels:While obesity can reduce activity levels, it is not universally true that all obese individuals are less active than those of normal weight.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Implementation Phase in Vaccination Campaign:

During the implementation phase, the focus is on executing the vaccination plan, ensuring coverage, and monitoring progress.

Role of the Nurse:

Identifying Population at-risk:Typically part of the planning phase.

Setting Outreach Strategies:Also part of planning to ensure all populations are covered.

Reporting Vaccination Rates:This is part of the evaluation phase.

Monitoring Vaccination Rate and Surveillance:Involves actively overseeing the ongoing vaccination activities, ensuring proper documentation, and surveillance for adverse events or outbreaks, making it the correct answer.

References:

World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on Immunization

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Vaccine Implementation

The initial step in an evidence-based process to improve pain management for patients with cancer is to write an answerable question.

Writing an Answerable Question: This is often done using the PICO (Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format to clearly define the clinical issue and guide the research.

Selecting the Study Design: This comes after formulating the question and involves choosing an appropriate methodology to answer it.

Obtaining Ethical Approval: This is essential for conducting research but comes after defining the question and designing the study.

Formulating Hypothesis Statement: This is part of the research design and planning, following the creation of an answerable question.

References:

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice.

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Evidence-Based Practice Resources

The initial step in the Moral Decision-Making Model is to recognize that there is an ethical issue. This step involves acknowledging the conflict between the family's request and the nurse's professional and ethical obligation to the patient. Once the ethical issue is identified, the nurse can proceed with the subsequent steps, including identifying stakeholders, goals, alternatives, and making a decision based on ethical principles.

For a patient with HIV who is experiencing chronic diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss, a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is recommended. This type of diet helps maintain muscle mass, provides energy, and supports overall nutritional status, which is critical for patients with HIV. Eating three large meals per day may not be practical due to anorexia and gastrointestinal symptoms; smaller, more frequent meals are often better tolerated. A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet would not meet the nutritional needs, and unpasteurized dairy products pose a risk of foodborne infections.

Postpartum Depression Symptoms:

Postpartum depression can manifest in various ways, affecting the mother's ability to care for herself and her baby.

Behavioral Indicators:

Euthymia:Indicates normal mood, not a sign of depression.

Eating Too Little:Can be a symptom but not as specific to postpartum depression.

Weakness to Care for the Baby:A significant indicator, as it shows the mother's lack of energy, interest, or capability to perform daily tasks related to baby care.

Difficulty Breastfeeding:Could be due to various reasons and not solely indicative of depression.

References:

American Psychological Association (APA) on Postpartum Depression

Mayo Clinic guidelines on Postpartum Depression

Caring for a woman with gestational diabetes complications falls under health restoration. Health restoration involves actions taken to return a patient to their previous state of health or to manage chronic conditions. This includes managing and treating complications to improve health outcomes. Health promotion focuses on preventing health problems through lifestyle changes, health maintenance involves ongoing monitoring and prevention of deterioration, and health rehabilitation focuses on helping patients recover functionality after severe illness or injury.

Safety in Bedridden Patient Care:

Ensuring patient safety is paramount before beginning any care activities.

Priority Actions:

Bed Locked:Prevents bed movement which could cause patient falls.

Pillows and Bed Sheets:Secondary actions related to patient comfort and hygiene.

Client Position:Important but ensuring bed stability is the first step for safety.

References:

Joint Commission guidelines on patient safety

Fundamentals of Nursing textbooks

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest level of evidence in research because they reduce bias and provide the most reliable results. When conducting a systematic review to identify best practice evidence for hemodialysis in patients with anemia, RCTs should be prioritized. These studies provide strong evidence on the efficacy of interventions. Case-control studies, non-experimentalstudies, and quasi-experimental studies provide valuable information but are considered lower levels of evidence compared to RCTs.