Free NAHP NRCMA Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 4

The muscle walls of the heart are called the myocardium. This is the thick, muscular layer of the heart responsible for contracting and pumping blood throughout the body. The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that enable the heart to function as an efficient pump. It is distinct from the endocardium (inner lining) and the epicardium (outer layer) of the heart.

References:

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology

Cardiovascular Physiology by Mohrman and Heller

A mysterious condition that kills apparently healthy infants between the ages of 4 weeks and 7 months is known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is the sudden, unexplained death of an otherwise healthy baby, often during sleep. The exact cause of SIDS is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with factors such as sleep environment, respiratory issues, and developmental vulnerabilities.

References:

American Academy of Pediatrics - SIDS Guidelines

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Prevention by J. Bruce Beckwith

A doctor's office primarily deals withcivil and criminal law. Civil law covers issues such as malpractice, patient confidentiality, and contract disputes, while criminal law may involve cases of fraud, illegal prescription practices, or breaches of health regulations. Understanding both areas is crucial for healthcare professionals to comply with legal standards and protect their practice.

The kidneys are vital organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products, excess substances, and fluids from the blood to form urine. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, which are the functional units responsible for this filtration process. Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries, is filtered in the nephrons, and then exits through the renal veins. The filtered waste is collected in the renal pelvis, passes through the ureters to the bladder, and is eventually excreted as urine. This process helps maintain the body's electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and overall homeostasis.

The pH of a urine sample is checked to determine its acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 indicates acidity, while a pH above 7 indicates alkalinity. Urine pH can provide information about a person's diet, medications, and metabolic conditions.

References:

Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations by Michael L. Bishop

Urinalysis and Body Fluids by Susan King Strasinger

Galactoseis a simple sugar that is a product of the digestion ofmilk. Lactose, the sugar found in milk, is broken down into glucose and galactose by the enzyme lactase. This process occurs in the small intestine, allowing these sugars to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

When a patient is bleeding heavily from a wound, the immediate priority is to control the bleeding. The best initial action is to apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or bandage. This helps to stem the flow of blood and allows time for clotting to begin. Elevating the limb can also help reduce blood flow to the area, but applying direct pressure is the primary and most effective method. Tourniquets are used only as a last resort when direct pressure and elevation do not control the bleeding.

References:

American Red Cross First Aid Manual

Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (AAOS)

When a venipuncture is performed using a lavender top vacutainer tube, the sample is commonly used for hematology testing, such as complete blood counts (CBC). The lavender top tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), which prevents the blood from clotting. This allows for the preservation of the cellular components of the blood for accurate hematological analysis.

References:

Clinical Laboratory Science: The Basics and Routine Techniques by Jean Jorgenson Linné

Phlebotomy Essentials by Ruth E. McCall and Cathee M. Tankersley

The application of water in the treatment of disease is referred to as hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy involves the use of water in various forms (liquid, steam, ice) to alleviate pain, promote healing, and improve physical function. It can include treatments such as whirlpools, hot and cold compresses, and therapeutic baths.

References:

Hydrotherapy: Principles and Practice by Margaret Reid Campion

Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: From Research to Practice by Michelle H. Cameron

The termoccultmeanshidden. In medical contexts, this term is often used to describe conditions or symptoms that are not immediately apparent or visible. For example, occult blood in the stool refers to blood that is not visible to the naked eye but can be detected through chemical tests.

References:

Mosby's Medical Dictionary (10th ed.). (2017). Elsevier.

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). (2011). Elsevier.