Free ECCouncil 312-85 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

The attack described, where multiple connection requests from different geo-locations are received by a server within a short time span leading to stress and reduced performance, is indicative of a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, the attacker floods the target's resources (such as a server) with excessive requests from multiple sources, making it difficult for the server to handle legitimate traffic, leading to degradation or outright unavailability of service. The use of multiple geo-locations for the attack sources is a common characteristic of DDoS attacks, making them harder to mitigate.References:

• "Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks," US-CERT
• "DDoS Quick Guide," DHS/NCCIC

In the cyber kill chain methodology, the phase where Jame is creating a tailored malicious deliverable that includes an exploit and a backdoor is known as 'Weaponization'. During this phase, the attacker prepares by coupling a payload, such as a virus or worm, with an exploit into a deliverable format, intending to compromise the target's system. This step follows the initial 'Reconnaissance' phase, where the attacker gathers information on the target, and precedes the 'Delivery' phase, where the weaponized bundle is transmitted to the target. Weaponization involves the preparation of the malware to exploit the identified vulnerabilities in the target system.References:

• Lockheed Martin's Cyber Kill Chain framework
• "Intelligence-Driven Computer Network Defense Informed by Analysis of Adversary Campaigns and Intrusion Kill Chains," leading to the development of the Cyber Kill Chain framework

Centralized storage architecture refers to a system where data is stored in a localized system, server, or storage hardware. This type of storage is capable of holding a limited amount of data in its database and is locally available for data usage. Centralized storage is commonly used in smaller organizations or specific departments within larger organizations where the volume of data is manageable and does not require the scalability offered by distributed or cloud storage solutions. Centralized storage systems simplify data management and access but might present challenges in terms of scalabilityand data recovery.References:

• "Data Storage Solutions for Your Business: Centralized vs. Decentralized," Techopedia
• "The Basics of Centralized Data Storage," by Margaret Rouse, SearchStorage

ABC cyber-security company, which has implemented automation for tasks such as data enrichment and indicator aggregation and has joined various communities to increase knowledge about emerging threats, is demonstrating characteristics of a Level 3 maturity in the threat intelligence maturity model. At this level, organizations have a formal Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) program in place, with processes and tools implemented to collect, analyze, and integrate threat intelligence into their security operations. Although they may still be reactive in detecting and preventing threats, the existence of structured CTI capabilities indicates a more developed stage of threat intelligence maturity.References:

• "Building a Threat Intelligence Program," by Recorded Future
• "The Threat Intelligence Handbook," by Chris Pace, Cybersecurity Evangelist at Recorded Future

Threat Grid is a threat intelligence and analysis platform that offers advanced capabilities for automatic data collection, filtering, and analysis. It is designed to help organizations convert raw threat data into meaningful, actionable intelligence. By employing advanced analytics and machine learning, Threat Grid can reduce noise from large data sets, helping to eliminate misrepresentations and enhance the quality of the threat intelligence. This makes it an ideal choice for Tim, who is looking to address the challenges of converting raw data into contextual information and managing the noise from massive data collections.References:

• "Cisco Threat Grid: Unify Your Threat Defense," Cisco
• "Integrating and Automating Threat Intelligence," by Threat Grid

By assessing the Threat Intelligence (TI) program through a comparison of project results with the original objectives, and by ensuring that all expected deliverables have been produced to an acceptable quality level, Joe is conducting a gap analysis. Gap analysis involves identifying the difference between the current state and the desired state or objectives, in this case, the outcomes of the TI program versus its intended goals as outlined in the project charter. This process allows for the assessment of what was successful, what fell short, and where improvements can be made, thereby evaluating the program's overall effectiveness and identifying areas for future enhancement.References:

• "Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)" by the Project Management Institute
• "Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach" by Robert M. Clark

Game theory is a mathematical framework designed for understanding strategic situations where individuals' or groups' outcomes depend on their choices and the choices of others. In the context of threat intelligence analysis, game theory can be used as a de-biasing strategy to help understand and predict the actions of adversaries and defenders. By considering the various strategies and potential outcomes in a 'game' where each player's payoff is affected by the actions of others, analysts can overcome their biases and evaluate hypotheses more objectively. This approach is particularly useful in scenarios involving multiple actors with different goals and incomplete information.References:

• "Game Theory and Its Applications in Cybersecurity" in the International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
• "Applying Game Theory to Cybersecurity" by the SANS Institute

Incorporating a data management requirement in the threat knowledge repository is essential to provide the ability to modify or delete past or irrelevant threat data. Effective data management practices ensure that the repository remains accurate, relevant, and up-to-date by allowing for the adjustment and curation of stored information. This includes removing outdated intelligence, correcting inaccuracies, and updating information as new insights become available. A well-managed repository supports the ongoing relevance and utility of the threat intelligence, aiding in informed decision-making and threat mitigation strategies.References:

• "Building and Maintaining a Threat Intelligence Library," by Recorded Future
• "Best Practices for Creating a Threat Intelligence Policy, and How to Use It," by SANS Institute

In the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP), the color amber signifies that the information should be limited to those who have a need-to-know within the specified community or organization, and not further disseminated without permission. TLP Red indicates information that should not be disclosed outside of the originating organization. TLP Green indicates information that is limited to the community but can be disseminated within the community without restriction. TLP White, or TLP Clear, indicates information that can be shared freely with no restrictions. Therefore, for information meant to be shared within a particular community with some restrictions on further dissemination, TLP Amber is the appropriate designation.References:

• FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams) Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) Guidelines
• CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) TLP Guidelines

The Blueliv Threat Exchange Network is a collaborative platform designed for sharing and receiving threat intelligence among security professionals and organizations. It provides real-time information on global threats, helping participants to enhance their security posture by leveraging shared intelligence. The platform facilitates the exchange ofinformation related to cybersecurity threats, including indicators of compromise (IoCs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of threat actors, and other relevant data. This makes it an ideal choice for Kim, who is looking to gather and share threat information to develop security policies for his organization. In contrast, Cuckoo Sandbox is a malware analysis system, OmniPeek is a network analyzer, and PortDroid is a network analysis application, none of which are primarily designed for intelligence sharing.References:

• Blueliv's official documentation and resources
• "Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program," by Allan Liska