Free CWNP CWISA-103 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:

Extreme temperatures

Dust & Vibrations

Exposure to chemicals or moisture

Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.

References

IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things

Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.

LoRa Modulation: LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless technology that utilizes Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation.

CSS Characteristics:

Spread spectrum technique for resilience against interference.

Chirps (frequency sweeps) enable operation below the noise floor for long range.

References

LoRa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa

Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum

Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).

Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read/write permissions).

Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.

Capacity Planning: The number of devices a wireless network can support is the primary determinant of its required capacity. This is because:

Traffic Load: Each device generates network traffic that contributes to the overall load.

Resource Sharing: Devices compete for airtime and bandwidth resources.

Device Type: Requirements vary; a simple sensor has different needs than a video camera.

Wireless Transceiver: A transceiver is a combination of a transmitter and receiver used for wireless communication.

Radio: The radio is the primary component responsible for:

Modulation: Encoding data onto a carrier wave.

Demodulation: Extracting data from a received signal.

Transmission/Reception: Handling the actual sending and receiving of modulated signals over the air.

References

Transceiver: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiver

Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.

Other Phenomena:

Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles.

Reflection: Waves bouncing off surfaces.

**Scattering: ** Waves dispersing in multiple directions.

References

Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

Browser Ubiquity: JavaScript has a native runtime environment within almost every modern web browser, making it the 'built-in' scripting language for web-based interfaces.

Node-RED: This IoT flow-based programming tool specifically uses JavaScript for its logic and automation functions.

Other Languages:

PHP: Primarily server-side for web applications

Python: Versatile language, used in some back-end IoT functions but not natively in browsers

R: Statistical and data analysis, not typically embedded in wireless solutions

IP Ratings & Manufacturing: IP66 provides:

Dust-tight: (First '6') Complete protection against dust ingress.

Powerful Water Jets: (Second '6') Protection against strong water jets from any direction.

Harsh Manufacturing Environments: IP66 is common due to dust, dirt, and potential exposure to liquids during cleaning or spills.

References

IP Ratings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Code

Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.

Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:

Signal degradation: Reduced network performance and reliability.

Data errors and retransmissions: Inefficient operation and higher battery drain on devices.

Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.

Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.

Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.