Free Cisco CCST-Networking Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

SFTP, or Secure File Transfer Protocol, is a protocol that allows for secure file transfer capabilities between networked hosts. It is a secure extension of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). SFTP encrypts both commands and data, preventing passwords and sensitive information from being transmitted openly over the network. It is typically used for secure file transfers over the internet and is built on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol1.

References :=

•What Is SFTP? (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

•How to Use SFTP to Safely Transfer Files: A Step-by-Step Guide

•Secure File Transfers: Best Practices, Protocols And Tools

The Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is a secure version of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that uses SSH (Secure Shell) to encrypt all commands and data. This ensures that sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and files being transferred, are securely transmitted over the network.

•ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for network diagnostics and is not designed for file transfer.

•NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used to synchronize clocks between computer systems and is not related to file transfer.

•HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting web pages over the internet and does not inherently provide secure file transfer capabilities.

Thus, the correct protocol that allows secure uploading of files to another computer on the internet is SFTP.

References :=

•Cisco Learning Network

•SFTP Overview (Cisco)

When devices within a VLAN are unable to reach addresses outside their VLAN, it typically indicates that they do not have a configured path to external networks. The engineer should configure a default gateway for VLAN2. The default gateway is the IP address of the router’s interface that is connected to the VLAN, which will route traffic from the VLAN to other networks12.

References :=

•Understanding and Configuring VLAN Routing and Bridging on a Router Using the IRB Feature

•VLAN 2 not able to ping gateway - Cisco Community

=========================

•VLANs: Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) logically segment network traffic to improve security and performance. Devices within the same VLAN can communicate directly.

•Default Gateway: For devices in VLAN2 to communicate with devices outside their VLAN, they need a default gateway configured. The default gateway is typically a router or Layer 3 switch that routes traffic between different VLANs and subnets.

•Additional VLAN: Not needed in this scenario as the issue is related to routing traffic outside VLAN2, not creating another VLAN.

•Default Route: While a default route on the router may be necessary, the primary issue for devices within VLAN2 is to have a configured default gateway.

•Static Route: This is used on routers to manually specify routes to specific networks but does not address the need for a default gateway on the client devices.

References:

•Cisco VLAN Configuration Guide: Cisco VLAN Configuration

•Understanding and Configuring VLANs: VLANs Guide

The correct matching of the security options to their characteristics is as follows:

WPA2-Enterprise: Uses a RADIUS server for authentication

WEP: Uses a minimum of 40 bits for encryption

WPA2-Personal: Uses AES and a pre-shared key for authentication

Here’s why each security option matches the characteristic:

WPA2-Enterpriseuses a RADIUS server for authentication, which provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service.

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)is an outdated security protocol that uses a minimum of 40 bits for encryption (and up to 104 bits), which is relatively weak by today’s standards.

WPA2-Personal(Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 - Personal) uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption and a pre-shared key (PSK) for authentication, which is shared among users to access the network.

These security options are essential for protecting wireless networks from unauthorized access and ensuring data privacy.

On a Cisco switch, a port with a blinking green LED typically indicates that the port is up (active) and is currently transmitting or receiving data. This is a normal state indicating active traffic on the port.

•A. Link is up with cable malfunctions: Usually indicated by an amber or blinking amber light.

•B. Link is up and not stable: Not typically indicated by a green blinking light.

•D. Link is up and there is no activity: Would be indicated by a solid green light without blinking.

Thus, the correct answer is C. Link is up and active.

References :=

•Cisco Switch LED Indicators

•Cisco Ethernet Switch LED Patterns

To capture packets sent to and received from the URLhttps://www.companypro.net:7100/api using Wireshark, you would use the following filter options:

Protocol:tcp

Filter Type:port

Port Number:7100

This filter setup in Wireshark will display all TCP packets that are sent to or received from port 7100, which is the port specified in the URL for the API service. Since HTTPS typically uses TCP as the transport layer protocol, filtering by TCP and the specific port number will help isolate the relevant packets for troubleshooting the app’s data download issues.

cp: The app is using HTTPS, which relies on the TCP protocol for communication.

port: The specific port number used by the application, which in this case is 7100.

7100: This is the port specified in the URL (https://www.companypro.net:7100/api ).

This filter will capture all TCP traffic on port 7100, allowing you to analyze the packets related to the application's data download.

References:

Wireshark Filters: Wireshark Display Filters

The two interfaces are administratively shut down:

False: The output does not show any "shutdown" command under the interfaces, which would indicate that they are administratively shut down. Therefore, they are likely in their default state, which is administratively up.

The two interfaces have default IP addresses assigned:

False: The output does not show any IP address configuration. In the default state, interfaces do not have IP addresses assigned unless explicitly configured.

The two interfaces can communicate over Layer 2:

True: By default, interfaces on a switch are Layer 2 interfaces capable of forwarding Ethernet frames. As there is no configuration provided that changes this, it can be assumed they can communicate over Layer 2.

Interface Status: The absence of the "shutdown" command means the interfaces are not administratively shut down.

IP Address Assignment: There is no evidence in the output that IP addresses have been assigned to the interfaces, which would typically be shown as "ip address" entries.

Layer 2 Communication: Switch interfaces in their default state operate at Layer 2, enabling them to forward Ethernet frames and participate in Layer 2 communication.

References:

Cisco IOS Interface Configuration: Cisco Interface Configuration

Understanding Cisco Switch Interfaces: Cisco Switch Interfaces

To determine if you can reach the router, you should use thepingcommand followed by the IP address of the router. Thepingcommand is a network utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

The Default Gateway in theipconfigresults is typically the router’s IP address in a home or small office network. In this case, the Default Gateway is192.168.0.1, which is the address you would ping to check connectivity to the router.

References:=

How to Use the Ping Command

Testing Network Connectivity with the Ping Command

=========================

To determine if you can reach the router, you should use thepingcommand with the IP address of the router.

Command:ping

Target:192.168.0.1

So, the completed command is:

ping 192.168.0.1

Step by Step Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

ping: The ping command sends ICMP Echo Request messages to the target IP address and waits for an Echo Reply. It is commonly used to test the reachability of a network device.

192.168.0.1: This is the IP address of the default gateway (the router) as shown in theipconfigoutput. Pinging this address will help determine if the computer can communicate with the router.

References:

Using the ping Command: ping Command Guide

•Statement A: "The trace successfully reached the www.cisco.com server." This is true as indicated by the "Trace complete" message at the end, showing that the trace has reached its destination.

•Statement C: "The IPv6 address associated with the www.cisco.com server is 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is true because the final hop in the trace, which is the destination, has this IPv6 address.

•Statement B: "The trace failed after the fourth hop." This is incorrect as the trace continues beyond the fourth hop, despite some intermediate timeouts.

•Statement D: "The routers at hops 5 and 6 are offline." This is not necessarily true. The routers might be configured to not respond to traceroute requests.

•Statement E: "The device sending the trace has IPv6 address 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is incorrect; this address belongs to the destination server, not the sender.

References:

•Understanding Traceroute: Traceroute Guide

WPA2-Personal, also known as WPA2-PSK (Pre-Shared Key), is the wireless security option that uses a pre-shared key to authenticate clients. This method is designed for home and small office networks and doesn’t require an authentication server. Instead, every user on the network uses the same key or passphrase to connect1.

References :=

•What is a Wi-Fi Protected Access Pre-Shared Key (WPA-PSK)?

•Exploring WPA-PSK and WiFi Security

=========================

•WPA2-Personal: This wireless security option uses a pre-shared key (PSK) for authentication. Each client that connects to the network must use this key to gain access. It is designed for home and small office networks where simplicity and ease of use are important.

•WPA2-Enterprise: Unlike WPA2-Personal, WPA2-Enterprise uses 802.1x authentication with an authentication server (such as RADIUS) and does not rely on a pre-shared key.

•802.1x: This is a network access control protocol for LANs, particularly wireless LANs. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN.

•802.1q: This is a networking standard that supports VLAN tagging on Ethernet networks and is not related to wireless security.

References:

•Cisco Documentation on WPA2 Security: Cisco WPA2

•Understanding Wireless Security: Wireless Security Guide

Two home office computers are connected to a switch by Ethernet cables.

Network Type: LAN (Local Area Network)

Explanation: A LAN connects devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or building, using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi.

Three government buildings in the same city connect to a cable company over coaxial cables.

Network Type: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Explanation: A MAN connects networks across a city or campus, often using fiber optic or coaxial cables.

A cell phone connects to a Bluetooth headset.

Network Type: PAN (Personal Area Network)

Explanation: A PAN connects devices within a personal workspace, typically using wireless technologies like Bluetooth.

A financial institution connects its branches through a telecommunications service provider.

Network Type: WAN (Wide Area Network)

Explanation: A WAN connects multiple LANs over long distances, often using leased lines or satellite links provided by telecommunications companies.

LAN (Local Area Network): Used for connecting devices within a small geographical area such as a single building or home.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, typically a city or campus.

PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within the range of an individual person, such as connecting a phone to a Bluetooth headset.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs across cities, countries, or continents.

References:

Network Types Overview: Cisco Networking Basics

Understanding Different Network Types: Network Types Guide