Free Cisco 300-440 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

The architecture model that establishes internet-based connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS cloud resources is the one that establishes an iPsec VPN tunnel with Internet Key Exchange (IKE) for secure key negotiation and encrypted data transmission. This model is also known as the VPN CloudHub model12. It allows multiple remote sites to connect to the same virtual private gateway in AWS, creating a hub-and-spoke topology1. The VPN CloudHub model provides the following benefits12:

• It enables secure communication between remote sites and AWS over the public internet, using encryption and authentication protocols such as IPsec and IKE.
• It supports dynamic routing protocols such as BGP, which can automatically adjust the routing tables based on the availability and performance of the VPN tunnels.
• It allows for redundancy and load balancing across multiple VPN tunnels, increasing the reliability and throughput of the connectivity.
• It simplifies the management and configuration of the VPN connections, as each remote site only needs to establish one VPN tunnel to the virtual private gateway in AWS, rather than multiple tunnels to different VPCs or regions.

The other options are not correct because they do not establish internet-based connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS cloud resources. Option B relies on AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) for traffic distribution and uses SSL/TLS encryption for secure data transmission. However, ELB is a service that distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets within a VPC, not across different networks3. Option C employs AWS Direct Connect for a dedicated network connection and uses private IP addresses for secure communication. However, AWS Direct Connect is a service that establishes a private connection between on-premises networks and AWS, bypassing the public internet4. Option D uses Amazon CloudFront for caching and distributing content globally and uses HTTPS for secure data transfer. However, Amazon CloudFront is a service that delivers static and dynamic web content to end users, not to on-premises networks5.

References:

• 1: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC, Track 1 of 5)
• 2: Cisco ASA Site-to-Site VPN
• 3: What Is Elastic Load Balancing?
• 4: What is AWS Direct Connect?

 Security groups are a feature in AWS that allow you to control the inbound and outbound traffic to your instances. They act as a virtual firewall that can filter the traffic based on the source, destination, protocol, and port. You can assign one or more security groups to your instances, and each security group can have multiple rules. Security groups are stateful, meaning that they automatically allow the response traffic for any allowed inbound traffic, and vice versa. Security groups are essential for securing your nodes in the AWS EKS cluster, as they can prevent unauthorized access to your Mongo Atlas database or other resources. You can also use security groups to isolate your nodes from other instances in the same VPC or subnet, or to allow communication between nodes in different clusters or regions. References :=

• AWS Security Groups
• Security Groups for Your VPC
• Security Groups for Your Amazon EC2 Instances
• Security Groups for Your Amazon EKS Cluster

• To configure a custom application with Cisco SD-WAN centralized policy, you need to follow these steps25:

The process of configuring a custom application with a Cisco SD-WAN centralized policy using Cisco vManage involves several steps1.

• Click Configuration, select Policies, and then select Centralized Policy: This is the first step where you navigate to the Policies section in the Configuration menu of Cisco vManage1.
• Click Custom Options, select Centralized Policy, and then select Lists: In this step, you select the Custom Options, then select Centralized Policy, and finally select Lists1.
• Click Custom Applications, and then select New Custom Application: After setting up the Lists, you click on Custom Applications and then select New Custom Application1.
• Enter a name for the application, enter the match criteria, and then click Add: Finally, you enter a name for the application, specify the match criteria, and then click Add to complete the configuration1.

References :=

• Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Policies Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE

The problem is that the site-list “All-Site” has a higher match sequence than the site-list “Hub”, which means that the policy for “All-Site” will take precedence over the policy for “Hub” for any site that belongs to both lists. This creates a conflict and prevents the engineer from adding a new centralized control policy in Cisco vManage. To resolve this issue, the site-list “All-Site” should be configured with a new match sequence that is lower than the sequence for site-list “Hub”, so that the policy for “Hub” will be applied first and then the policy for “All-Site” will be applied only to the remaining sites that are not in the “Hub” list. References :=

• Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC, Track 1 of 5), Module 3: Cisco SD-WAN Cloud OnRamp for Colocation, Lesson 3: Cisco SD-WAN Cloud OnRamp for Colocation - Centralized Control Policies
• Cisco SD-WAN Cloud OnRamp for Colocation Deployment Guide, Chapter 4: Configuring Centralized Control Policies
• Cisco SD-WAN Configuration Guide, Release 20.3, Chapter: Centralized Policy Framework, Section: Policy Configuration Overview

A fully meshed topology with SD-WAN technology, using dynamic routing and BGP as the routing protocol, meets the requirements of the company because it provides the following benefits:

• It allows direct and secure connectivity between any two branch offices, without the need for a central hub or intermediary devices12. This reduces the latency and improves the performance of the critical business applications.
• It leverages SD-WAN technology to optimize the traffic flow and application quality of service (QoS) across the WAN13. SD-WAN can dynamically select the best path for each application based on the network conditions and policies13. SD-WAN can also provide redundancy, security, and visibility for the WAN13.
• It uses dynamic routing and BGP as the routing protocol to exchange routing information and establish connectivity between the branch offices14. BGP is a scalable and flexible protocol that can support multiple address families, such as IPv4 and IPv6, and multiple routing policies, such as local preference and route filtering14. BGP can also enable seamless integration with the cloud service providers (CSPs) and internet service providers (ISPs)14.

References :=

• 1: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC, Track 1 of 5) (Cisco U. login required)
• 2: Cisco SD-WAN Design Guide

Azure ExpressRoute is a service that enables a dedicated and secure connection between an on-premises infrastructure and Azure data centers through a colocation provider. A colocation provider is a third-party data center that offers network connectivity services to multiple customers. Azure ExpressRoute allows customers to bypass the public internet and connect directly to Azure services, such as virtual machines, storage, databases, and more. This provides benefits such as lower latency, higher bandwidth, more reliability, and enhanced security. Azure ExpressRoute also supports hybrid scenarios, such as connecting to Office 365, Dynamics 365, and other SaaS applications hosted on Azure. Azure ExpressRoute requires a physical connection between the customer’s network and the colocation provider’s network, as well as a logical connection between the customer’s network and the Azure virtual network. The logical connection is established using a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) session, which exchanges routing information between the two networks. Azure ExpressRoute supports two models: standard and premium. The standard model offers connectivity to all Azure regionswithin the same geopolitical region, while the premium model offers connectivity to all Azure regions globally, as well as additional features such as increased route limits, global reach, and Microsoft peering. References: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0, Learning Plan: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity v1.0 (ENCC 300-440) Exam Prep, ENCC | Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity | Netec

To redistribute OSPF internal routes into BGP, the engineer needs to configure two commands on router R2. The first command is router bgp 100, which enables BGP routing process and specifies the autonomous system number of 100. The second command is redistribute ospf 1 match internal external, which redistributes the routes from OSPF process 1 into BGP, and matches both internal and external OSPF routes. This way, the engineer can avoid introducing extra routes that are not part of OSPF process 1, such as the default route or the connected routes. References: = Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0, [ENCC: Configuring IPsec VPN from Cisco IOS XE to AWS], [Deploying Cisco IOS VTI-Based Point-to-Point IPsec VPNs]

 Option C is the correct answer because it configures the IKEv2 profile with the correct match identity, authentication, and keyring parameters. It also configures the IPsecprofile with the correct transform set and lifetime parameters. Option A is incorrect because it does not specify the match identity remote address in the IKEv2 profile, which is required to match the AWS virtual private gateway IP address. Option B is incorrect because it does not specify the authentication pre-share in the IKEv2 profile, which is required to authenticate the IKEv2 peers using a pre-shared key. Option C also matches the configuration example provided by AWS1 and Cisco2 for setting up an IKEv2 IPsec site-to-site VPN between a Cisco IOS-XE router and an AWS virtual private gateway. References :=

• 1: AWS VPN Configuration Guide for Cisco IOS-XE
• 2: Configure IOS-XE Site-to-Site VPN Connection to Amazon Web Services

The bgp advertise-best-external command is used to enable the advertisement of the best external path to internal BGP peers. This command is useful when there are multiple exit points from the local AS to other ASes, and the local AS wants to use the closest exit point for each destination. By default, BGP only advertises the best path to its peers, and the best path is usually the one with the lowest IGP metric to the next hop. However, this may not be the optimal path for traffic leaving the local AS, as it may result in suboptimal hot-potato routing or MED oscillations. The bgp advertise-best-external command allows BGP to advertise the best external path, which is the path with the lowest MED among the paths from different neighboring ASes, in addition to the best path. This way, the internal BGP peers can choose the best exit point based on the MED value, rather than the IGP metric. In this scenario, ASBR1 is configured to receive additional paths from ASBR2, which is a route reflector. ASBR2 receivestwo paths for the same prefix from AS6500, one from ASBR3 and one from ASBR4. ASBR2 selects the best path based on the IGP metric to the next hop, and advertises it to ASBR1. However, this path may not be the best external path, as it may have a higher MED value than the other path. If the connection between ASBR1 and ASBR2 goes down, ASBR1 will not have any backup path to reach AS6500, as it does not know the other path from ASBR4. To prevent this situation, ASBR1 should be configured with the bgp advertise-best-external command, so that it can receive the best external path from ASBR2, along with the best path. This way, ASBR1 will have a backup path to reach AS6500, in case the primary path fails. References := IP Routing: BGP Configuration Guide - BGP Additional Paths … - Cisco, BGP Additional Paths

The connectivity model that meets the requirements of high availability, redundancy, and low latency for the company’s business applications is ExpressRoute with private peering using SDCI.

• ExpressRoute is a service that provides a dedicated, private, and high-bandwidth connection between the customer’s on-premises network and Microsoft Azure cloud network1.
• Private peering is a type of ExpressRoute circuit that allows the customer to access Azure services that are hosted in a virtual network, such as virtual machines, storage, and databases2.
• SDCI (Secure Data Center Interconnect) is a Cisco solution that enables secure and scalable connectivity between multiple data centers and cloud providers, using technologies such as MPLS, IPsec, and SD-WAN3.
• By using ExpressRoute with private peering and SDCI, the company can achieve the following benefits:

References:

• What is Azure ExpressRoute?
• Azure ExpressRoute peering
• Cisco Secure Data Center Interconnect
• ExpressRoute circuit and routing domain