Free NREMT EMT Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Heat exhaustionresults from prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, leading tofluid and electrolyte loss(especially sodium and water), causinghypovolemia. This can result in:

Tachycardia

Weakness

Dizziness

Profuse sweating

Unlikeheat stroke, mental status is typically preserved in heat exhaustion. Hypertension and bradycardia are not characteristic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Pulmonary edemais caused by fluid accumulation in the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. It is typically due to:

Left-sided heart failure: Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation

Hypertensive crisis: Increases hydrostatic pressure in the lungs

Anaphylaxis causesvasodilation and bronchospasm, not fluid overload. Increased oncotic pressure wouldretainfluid in capillaries — the opposite of edema.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thepatient’s complaint of difficulty breathingis anairway/breathing issueand takes precedence over a controlled extremity bleed. The first action is toadminister oxygenand evaluate respiratory effort.

Though reassessing the wound is important,oxygenation is the prioritywhen airway compromise or respiratory distress is present. Tourniquets are foruncontrolled bleeding, which is not the case here.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)assessment is a cornerstone of trauma care. It helps providers determine:

Extent of injury: High-speed collisions, falls from height, or penetrating trauma suggest internal injuries even if external signs are limited.

Need for additional resources: MOI may indicate the necessity ofALS backup,air transport, ortechnical rescue.

MOI cannot determine a patient’smedical historyor guarantee survival predictions. Thedestination facilitydepends on multiple factors including triage protocols, vital signs, and local trauma system regulations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Laundry detergent ingestion — especially in the case ofliquid detergent pods— is associated withcaustic airway and gastrointestinal injuries. The presence ofcracklesanddrowsinessare signs of aspiration and possiblerespiratory failure. Vomiting increases the risk ofaspiration pneumonitis, andesophageal perforationis a life-threatening complication from corrosive ingestion.

While seizure and hypoglycemia are possible complications of toxic ingestion, they are not as immediately linked to the detergent profile as airway injury and aspiration risk.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

According toPediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS) guidelinesby theAmerican Heart Association (AHA), when a child becomes unresponsive due to foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), the immediate next step is to beginchest compressions. This is donebefore checking the airway or giving breathsbecause the airway is presumed obstructed. The compressions may dislodge the object.

After 30 compressions, open the airway and check for visible objects. If none are seen, attempt rescue breaths. This protocol reflects the high risk of complete airway blockage in children with sudden collapse following a choking episode.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Hepatitis Ais transmitted primarily via thefecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. It leads to anacuteliver infection, not a chronic condition. Unlike Hepatitis C, which has no vaccine, Hepatitis Ahas an effective vaccineand is preventable with proper hygiene and immunization.

Hepatitis Bis spread through blood and sexual contact, not fecal-oral.Hepatitis Eis also fecal-oral but is rare in the U.S. and doesn't have a widely used vaccine.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The patient’sexcessively high respiratory rate (RR 50),hypoxia (SpO₂ 89%), anddecreased mental status(drowsiness) indicaterespiratory failure, which is theinability to maintain oxygenation or ventilation.

Respiratory distress: Increased effort but adequate compensation

Respiratory arrest: Complete absence of breathing

Respiratory alkalosis: Possible early finding, but not a condition diagnosis

This patient is tiring and losing the ability to ventilate effectively — a hallmark of failure.