Master the Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (WI24) CRT-450 Exam with Confidence!

When Apex code executes inside the execute() method of an Apex class that implements the Batchable interface, the following statements are true regarding governor limits:

• The Apex governor limits might be higher due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. Asynchronous Apex, such as Batch Apex, runs in a separate thread from the main execution and can have higher limits for some resources, such as heap size and CPU time12. For example, the maximum heap size for synchronous Apex is 6 MB, while for asynchronous Apex it is 12 MB1.
• The Apex governor limits are reset for each iteration of the execute() method. Each execution of a batch Apex job is considered a discrete transaction, and the governor limits are reset for each transaction12. For example, a batch Apex job that contains 1,000 records and is executed without the optional scope parameter from Database.executeBatch is considered five transactions of 200 records each1.

The other statements are not true because:

• The Apex governor limits are relaxed while calling the constructor of the Apex class. This statement is false, because the constructor of the Apex class is executed in the same context as the caller of the Database.executeBatch method, and the same governor limits apply2. For example, if the constructor is called from a trigger, the trigger governor limits are enforced2.
• The Apex governor limits cannot be exceeded due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. This statement is false, because the asynchronous nature of the transaction does not prevent the Apex governor limits from being exceeded. If some Apex code exceeds a limit, the associated governor issues a runtime exception that can’t be handled1. For example, if the execute() method performs more than 200 SOQL queries, the Too many SOQL queries exception is thrown1.

References:

• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Using Batch Apex

The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions from a flow, a bot, or an NBA. There are some considerations when using this annotation in Apex, such as:

• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must define a return value, even if it is null. This is because the invocable action must return a value to the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can have only one input parameter, which can be a list of a primitive data type, a list of a specific sObject type, or a list of a generic sObject type. This is because the invocable action can accept only one input value from the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must be declared as static, because it is not associated with a specific instance of the class that defines it. Static methods can be invoked without creating an object of the class.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be declared as either public or global, depending on the visibility of the invocable action. Public methods are visible within the same namespace, while global methods are visible across namespaces.
• Only one method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be defined per Apex class, because each invocable action is associated with a single Apex class. Multiple invocable methods in the same class would cause ambiguity and confusion.

References: InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation

The correct answer is D because it uses the StandardSetController class, which provides built-in pagination support for Visualforce pages. The StandardSetController can be initialized with a list of sObjects, a SOQL statement, or the ID of a filter. It also provides methods to navigate through the pages of data, such as first(), last(), next(), and previous(). By using the StandardSetController, the developer can avoid hitting the view state limit, which is 135 KB for Visualforce pages. The view state is the amount of data that is persisted between page requests. It includes the component tree, component attributes, and controller state. The StandardSetController reduces the view state size by storing only the current page of data in the view state, and not the entire data set.

The other options are incorrect because they do not provide an efficient or reliable way to implement pagination for Visualforce pages. Option A uses lazy loading and a transient list variable, which are not recommended for pagination. Lazy loading is a technique that defers loading data until it is needed, which can improve the initial page load time, but it can also cause performance issues if the data set is large or complex. A transient list variable is a variable that is not stored in the view state, which can reduce the view state size, but it can also cause data loss or inconsistency if the page is refreshed or redirected. Option B uses JavaScript remoting with SOQL offset, which is not a good practice for pagination. JavaScript remoting is a technique that allows Visualforce pages to communicate with Apex controllers using asynchronous JavaScript calls. SOQL offset is a clause that allows skipping a specified number of rows in a query result. However, JavaScript remoting has some limitations, such as the maximum size of the response payload (15 MB) and the maximum number of remoting calls per page (10). SOQL offset also has some limitations, such as the maximum offset value (2,000) and the performance impact of skipping many rows. Option C implements pagination with an OffsetController, which is a custom controller that uses the SOQL offset clause to paginate the data. This option has the same drawbacks as option B, as it relies on the SOQL offset clause, which is not a scalable or performant solution for pagination. References:

• Trailhead: Pagination with a StandardSetController
• Trailhead: Visualforce View State
• Salesforce Developer Guide: StandardSetController Class
• [Salesforce Developer Guide: JavaScript Remoting for Visualforce]
• [Salesforce Developer Guide: SOQL OFFSET Clause]

The global access modifier declares that the class and method are known by all Apex code everywhere, not just within the same application or package namespace. This access modifier must be used for any method that must be referenced outside of the application, either in SOAP API or by other Apex code1. The other options are either incorrect or insufficient, as they do not guarantee the accessibility of the method outside the package namespace2. References:

• Access Modifiers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Global Modifier Accessing Public Elements in a Managed Package

• Controllers, helpers, and renderers are three resources in an Aura Component that can contain JavaScript functions. They are used to implement the client-side logic and behavior of the component12.
• Controllers are the primary resource for handling user interactions and events. They define the actions that are executed on the client or sent to the server12.
• Helpers are the secondary resource for sharing common code and logic across controllers and other helpers. They can also access component attributes and call server-side actions12.
• Renderers are the optional resource for customizing the rendering lifecycle of the component. They can override the default rendering, rerendering, and unrendering methods of the component12.
• Design and style are two other resources in an Aura Component, but they do not contain JavaScript functions. They are used to define the design-time attributes and the CSS styles of the component12.

References:

• 1: Aura Components Basics
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: User Interface

A polymorphic lookup field is a relationship field that can reference one of several different types of objects. For example, the Who relationship field of a Task can be a Contact or a Lead. The WhatId field on the standard Event object is another example of a polymorphic lookup field, as it can reference any object that allows activities, such as Account, Opportunity, Case, etc. To determine the type of the referenced object, you can use the What.Type field in a SOQL query. You can also use the TYPEOF clause to filter or select fields based on the object type. References:

• Understanding Relationship Fields and Polymorphic Fields
• Working with Polymorphic Relationships in SOQL Queries
• Lookup Search Cheat Sheet

A developer can execute tests in an org using the Tooling API or the Developer Console. The Tooling API allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls1. The Developer Console is a web-based tool that provides a user interface for running tests, viewing test results, and debugging code2. The Bulk API and the Metadata API are not used for executing tests, but for loading and managing large sets of data and metadata respectively3 .

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Run Unit Test Methods
• Salesforce Help - Developer Console
• Salesforce Developer - Bulk API
• Salesforce Developer - Metadata API

• Scheduled Flow and Record-Triggered Flow are two automation tools that a developer can recommend to meet the business requirements of sending a follow-up email reminder 6 hours after the stage_c field is set to ‘Waiting on customer’. They are both bulk safe, meaning they can handle large volumes of records without hitting governor limits12.
• Scheduled Flow is an automation tool that allows you to run a flow at a specific time or on a recurring schedule. You can use it to query the Case object for records that have the stage_c field set to ‘Waiting on customer’ and then send an email reminder to the case owner or the customer3 .
• Record-Triggered Flow is an automation tool that allows you to run a flow when a record is created or updated. You can use it to create a scheduled path that executes 6 hours after the stage_c field is set to ‘Waiting on customer’ and then send an email reminder to the case owner or the customer .
• Einstein Next Best Action and Process Builder are two other automation tools, but they are not suitable for meeting the business requirements. They are not bulk safe, meaning they can hit governor limits when processing large volumes of records12.
• Einstein Next Best Action is an automation tool that allows you to provide intelligent and contextual recommendations to users based on business rules and predictive models. It is not designed to send email reminders based on field values .
• Process Builder is an automation tool that allows you to create a process that performs actions when certain criteria are met. It can send email alerts, but it does not support time-based actions for record update triggers. It also has lower limits for the number of email alerts and scheduled actions than flows .

References:

• 1: Bulk Apex Triggers
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic
• 3: Schedule a Flow to Run at a Specific Time
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: User Interface
• : [Create a Record-Triggered Flow]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management
• : [Einstein Next Best Action Basics]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Business Logic and Process Automation
• : [Create a Process That Performs Scheduled Actions]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging

 To deploy Apex or package it for the Salesforce AppExchange, unit tests must cover at least 75% of your Apex code, and those tests must pass1. Code coverage indicates how many executable lines of code in your classes and triggers have been exercised by test methods1. Test classes (classes that are annotated with @isTest) are excluded from the code coverage calculation1. Therefore, the developer needs to create a test class and methods to cover the Apex trigger, as the helper class alone is not enough to meet the code coverage requirement. Running the tests using the ‘Run All Tests’ method, removing the failing test methods from the test class, or increasing the test class coverage on the helper class will not solve the problem, as the trigger itself is still not covered by any test. References: 1 Testing and Code Coverage | Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers1

Fast field updates record-triggered flow and account trigger are two automation tools that can be used to implement the feature of updating the Timezone field based on the postal code. A fast field update is a type of flow action that can update one or more fields on a record without using any Apex code1. A record-triggered flow can be configured to run when a record is created or updated, and can perform actions such as fast field updates, invocable actions, or subflows2. An account trigger is a piece of Apex code that can execute before or after an account record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, and can perform complex logic or callouts to external services3. Both of these tools can access the PostalCodeToTimezone_c custom object and update the Timezone field accordingly. References:

• Fast Field Updates, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module
• Apex Triggers, Trailhead module