Free Fortinet NSE6_WCS-7.0 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

Enhanced Redundancy:

Deploying an active-passive (A-P) FortiGate cluster across two availability zones (AZs) provides enhanced redundancy by ensuring that if one AZ fails, the other can take over, maintaining high availability and uptime.

IP Addressing and Subnetting:

One of the major differences when deploying across different AZs compared to the same AZ is that IP addressing and subnetting are not shared between the instances. Each AZ operates independently with its own set of subnets and IP addresses, which must be managed separately (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because the FortiGate devices in an A-P setup do not act as a single logical instance; they operate in a failover setup.

Option B is incorrect because secondary IP address configuration is used in both single AZ and multi-AZ deployments.

Option C is incorrect because the number of subnets required is typically more when deploying across multiple AZs for redundancy.

References:

FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA

AWS Availability Zones: AWS AZ

Understanding VPC Peering:

VPC peering connections allow instances in one VPC to communicate with instances in another VPC. Peering is a one-to-one relationship between two VPCs.

Transit Routing Limitation:

AWS VPC peering connections do not support transitive peering. This means that a packet originating in VPC B cannot be routed through VPC A to reach VPC C. Each pair of VPCs must have its own peering connection.

Routing Table Configuration:

Even if you add a route in the VPC A routing table for the 192.168.0.0/16 network, it won't allow VPC B to communicate with VPC C because of the non-transitive nature of VPC peering.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A is incorrect because adding a route in VPC A does not overcome the limitation of non-transitive peering.

Option C is incorrect because associating pcx-23232323 with VPC B is not how VPC peering works.

Option D is incorrect because you can create a separate peering connection between VPC B and VPC C, which is the required approach for communication between these VPCs.

References:

AWS VPC Peering Guide: VPC Peering

Limitations of VPC Peering: AWS VPC Peering Limitations

Dynamic Address Object Update:

The debug output shows that the IP address of the AWS Windows Server Lab has been updated automatically, indicating that the dynamic address object feature is working as intended. This allows FortiGate to adapt to changes in the IP addresses of AWS instances dynamically (Option A).

SDN Connector Configuration:

The messages in the debug output confirm that the SDN connector is able to retrieve instance information and update the firewall address objects successfully. This implies that the SDN connector is correctly configured and has the necessary permissions (Option C).

Manual Change and Permissions:

Option B is incorrect because while the address object could theoretically be changed manually, this is not inferred from the debug output.

Option D is incorrect because the debug output does not indicate that the AWS user account must have full administrative rights. The required permissions are typically more scoped to specific actions related to SDN.

References:

FortiGate AWS Integration Guide: FortiGate on AWS

AWS IAM Policies for SDN: AWS IAM Policies

Implicit Deny Rule:

Similar to traditional firewall rule sets, FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) includes an implicit deny rule at the bottom of each policy set. This means any traffic that does not match an existing rule in the policy set is automatically denied (Option A).

Policy Set Creation:

When a new CNF instance is deployed, a new policy set is created specifically for that instance. This ensures that each CNF instance can have a tailored set of security policies based on the specific needs of the deployment (Option C).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because policy sets do not require manual synchronization; they are applied automatically once configured.

Option D is incorrect as a single CNF instance operates with a single policy set at a time.

References:

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

Firewall Policy Best Practices: Fortinet Policies

ENI Attachment Across Availability Zones:

Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) are associated with a specific Availability Zone. They cannot be attached to instances that are in a different Availability Zone than where the ENI was created. Therefore, an ENI created in Availability Zone 1 cannot be attached to an instance in Availability Zone 2 (Option A).

ENI Reattachment:

ENIs can be detached from one instance and reattached to another instance within the same Availability Zone. This flexibility allows for network interface configuration to be preserved across instance changes within the same AZ.

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because an ENI can be reattached to any instance in the same AZ.

Option C is incorrect as the primary ENI (eth0) cannot be detached from an instance.

Option D is incorrect because when an ENI is moved, the traffic is directed to the new instance, and there is no redirection to the old instance.

References:

AWS ENI Documentation: Elastic Network Interfaces

AWS Networking Best Practices: AWS Networking

Instance Metadata Traffic:

VPC flow logs do not capture traffic to and from the link-local address 169.254.169.254, which is used for accessing instance metadata (Option A).

DHCP Traffic:

DHCP traffic is not captured by VPC flow logs. This is because DHCP relies on broadcast and multicast traffic, which is excluded from flow logs (Option B).

Security Monitoring:

VPC flow logs can be used as a security tool to monitor the traffic that is reaching the instances. By analyzing the flow logs, administrators can detect suspicious activities and troubleshoot connectivity issues (Option D).

Other Considerations:

Option C is incorrect because flow logs do capture traffic to the reserved IP address of the default VPC router.

Option E is incorrect as VPC flow logs do not provide real-time log streams but rather capture data at intervals and deliver them to CloudWatch or S3.

References:

AWS VPC Flow Logs Documentation: VPC Flow Logs

AWS Networking and Security: AWS Security Monitoring

VPC-Scoped Protection:

When deploying a FortiWeb VM inside a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), the security and protection it offers are limited to the applications and traffic that pass through that specific VPC. This means that any applications outside this VPC will not benefit from the protection of FortiWeb VM (Option D).

Comparison with FortiWeb Cloud:

FortiWeb Cloud, being a cloud-native WAF-as-a-Service, can protect applications regardless of their VPC location, offering broader and more flexible protection capabilities.

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because both FortiWeb VM and FortiWeb Cloud protect against OWASP Top 10 threats.

Option B is incorrect because FortiWeb VM does support zero-day protection.

Option C is incorrect as the performance of FortiWeb VM in applying advanced WAF protection is not inherently slower compared to FortiWeb Cloud.

References:

FortiWeb Overview: FortiWeb

Web Application Name:

When onboarding a web application to be protected by FortiWeb Cloud, you need to provide a name for the web application. This helps in identifying and managing the application within the FortiWeb Cloud console (Option B).

DNS Records:

To ensure that traffic to your web application is correctly routed through FortiWeb Cloud, you must create DNS records in the domain server that hosts your application. This ensures that requests are directed to FortiWeb Cloud for inspection and protection (Option C).

Other Considerations:

Option A (Waiting for the EC2 instance) is incorrect as it is not a necessary step for onboarding a web application to FortiWeb Cloud.

Option D (Enabling a CDN) is not a mandatory step for onboarding but can be part of a broader strategy for improving performance and protection.

References:

FortiWeb Cloud Documentation: FortiWeb Cloud

Remote Access to FortiGate VM:

The FortiCloud portal allows users to remotely access their FortiGate VM instances. This is particularly useful for managing and configuring instances without needing direct network access (Option A).

FortiFlex Portal Access:

The FortiFlex portal is a feature that becomes available only after purchasing a FortiFlex license and registering it on FortiCare. This portal provides additional functionalities and services related to FortiFlex (Option C).

IAM Permissions:

Option B is incorrect because the Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions in the FortiCloud portal do not require writing JSON scripts; they can be managed through the portal interface.

Subscription to Cloud Services:

Option D is incorrect because FortiCloud provides access to services beyond those subscribed through the AWS marketplace, including services directly offered by Fortinet.

References:

FortiCloud Documentation: FortiCloud

FortiFlex Portal: FortiFlex Licensing

Understanding Fortinet HA CloudFormation Template:

The Fortinet High Availability (HA) CloudFormation template is used to automate the deployment and configuration of FortiGate instances in AWS.

Staging and Bootstrapping FortiGate:

Staging involves preparing the necessary configuration files and resources needed for deployment.

Bootstrapping is the process of automatically configuring FortiGate instances upon deployment.

S3 Bucket Requirement:

The configuration files required for staging and bootstrapping are typically stored in an S3 bucket.

Since the deployment is in the Ohio (US-East-2) region, it is recommended to host the S3 bucket in the same region to minimize latency and ensure regional compliance.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A is incorrect because while an S3 bucket is required, it should be in the same region (US-East-2).

Option B is incorrect as the template does not automatically create the S3 bucket.

Option D is incorrect as DynamoDB is not used for staging and bootstrapping in this scenario.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: FortiGate on AWS

AWS S3 Documentation: AWS S3