Free Fortinet FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

Zero phase selectors inIPsec Phase 2mean thatno specific traffic selectors (subnets) are defined, allowingany traffic to be encryptedthrough the VPN tunnel. This can causeunintended traffic forwarding issuesand disrupt network operations.

To prevent this from happening during future migrations:

●Using routing protocolsensures thatonly specific subnets are advertised over the tunnel. Dynamic routing (such as OSPF or BGP) helps define which networks should use the tunnel, preventing unintended traffic from being encrypted.

●Clearly defining phase 2 selectorsavoids the problem of encrypting all traffic byexplicitly stating the allowed source and destination subnets. This prevents the tunnel from affecting unrelated network traffic.

The packet capture output displays aTLS Client Hellomessage from FortiGate to FortiManager Cloud. This message containsServer Name Indication (SNI), which is used to indicate the domain name that FortiGate is trying to connect to.

FortiGate will receive a certificate that supports multiple domains because FortiManager operates in a cloud computing environment.

● FortiManager Cloud hostsmultiple customersand domains under ashared infrastructure.

● The TLS handshake includesSNI (Server Name Indication), which allows FortiManager Cloud toserve multiple certificatesbased on the requested domain.

● This means FortiGate will likely receive amulti-domain or wildcard certificatethat can be used for multiple customers under FortiManager Cloud.

The wildcard for the domain .fortinet-ca2.support.fortinet.com must be supported by FortiManager Cloud.

● The SNI extension contains the domain9398.support.fortinet-ca2.fortinet.com.

● FortiManager Cloud must supportwildcard certificatessuch as *.fortinet-ca2.support.fortinet.com to securely manage multiple subdomains and customers.

● This ensures that FortiGate can validate the server certificate without any TLS errors.

When FortiGate processes the first packets of a session, it follows a sequence of steps to determine how the traffic should be handled before establishing a session. The initial step involves:

● Access Control List (ACL) checks: Determines if the traffic should be allowed or blocked based on predefined security rules.

● Hardware Packet Engine (HPE) inspections: Ensures that packet headers are valid and comply with protocol standards.

● IP Integrity Header Checking: Verifies if the IP headers are intact and not malformed or spoofed.

Once these security inspections are completed and the session is validated, FortiGate then installs the session in hardware (if offloading is enabled) or processes it in software.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)is an overlay network technology that extends Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure. When VXLAN is used extensively on FortiGate, hardware acceleration is crucial for maintaining performance.

●NP7 (Network Processor 7)is Fortinet’s latest network processor designed to accelerate high-performance networking features, including:

●VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation

●IPsec VPN offloading

●Firewall policy enforcement

●Advanced threat protection at wire speed

NP7 significantlyreduces latency and improves throughputwhen handling VXLAN traffic, making it the best choice for large-scale VXLAN deployments.

Thebest way to automate a firewall policyusing a daily updated list ofIP addressesis by using anexternal connector from Threat Feeds. This allows FortiGate to dynamically retrievereal-time threat intelligencefrom external sources and apply it directly to security policies.

By configuringThreat Feeds, the administrator can:

●Automatically updatefirewall policies with the latest malicious IPs daily.

●Block trafficfrom those IPs in real-time without manual intervention.

●Integrate with FortiGuard, third-party threat intelligence sources, or custom feeds (CSV, STIX/TAXII, etc.).

In this scenario, thecorporate networkand thenew remote office networkneed to communicate over theInternet, which requires asecure and dynamic routing method. Since both networks are usingOSPF (Open Shortest Path First)as the routing protocol, the best approach is to establish anOSPF over IPsec VPNto ensure secure and dynamic route propagation.

OSPF is already running on the corporate network, and extending it over an IPsec tunnel allows dynamic route exchange between the corporate FortiGate and the remote office FortiGate.IPsec provides encryptionfor traffic over the Internet, ensuring secure communication.OSPF over IPsec eliminates the need for manual static routes, allowing automatic route updates if networks change.

The new remote office's192.168.1.0/24 subnetwill be advertised dynamically to the corporate network without additional configuration.

FortiGate devices withNP6 (Network Processor 6) accelerationoffload traffic directly to hardware, bypassing the CPU for improved performance. Whenauto-asic-offloadis enabled in a firewall policy, most of the trafficdoes not reach the CPU, which means it won't be captured by the standard sniffer trace command.

Since NP6-accelerated traffic is handled entirely in hardware, onlya small portion of initial packets(such as session setup packets or exceptions) might be seen in the sniffer output. To capture all packets, the administrator must disable hardware offloading using:

config firewall policy

edit

set auto-asic-offload disable

end

Disabling ASIC offload forces traffic to be processed by the CPU, allowing the sniffer tool to capture all packets.

FortiGate'sIPS protocol decodersanalyzenetwork transmission patternsandapplication signaturesto identify and block malicious traffic.Application Controlis the feature that allows FortiGate todetect, classify, and block applicationsbased on their behavior and signatures, even when they do not rely on traditional URLs.

●Application Controlworks alongsideIPS protocol decodersto inspect packet payloads and enforce security policies based on recognized application behaviors.

● It enablesgranular control over non-URL-based applicationssuch asP2P traffic, VoIP, messaging apps, and other non-web-based protocolsthat IPS can identify through protocol decoders.

●IPS and Application Control together can detect evasive or encrypted applications that might bypass traditional firewall rules.

When designing anADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) networkfor alarge enterprisewith spokes that havevarying numbers of internet links, the main challenge is tominimize the number of peer connections and routesat the hub while maintainingscalability and efficiency.

Using a dynamic routing protocol (such as BGP or OSPF) with loopback interfaces helps in several ways:

●Reduces the number of peer connectionsat the hub byusing a single loopback address per spokeinstead of individual physical interfaces.

●Enables simplified route advertisementby dynamically learning and propagating routes instead of manually configuring static routes.

●Supports multiple internet links per spokeefficiently, as dynamic routing can automatically adjust to the best available path.

●Allows seamless failoverif a spoke’s internet link fails, ensuring continuous connectivity.

Thebest wayto block outdated SSL/TLS versions is toconfigure the SSL/SSH inspection profileto enforce aminimum SSL/TLS versionand disable weak SSL versions.

By setting theminimum allowed SSL versionin theHTTPS settings of the SSL/SSH inspection profile, FortiGate will:

● Block any connection usingoutdated SSL/TLS versions(such as SSLv3, TLS 1.0, or TLS 1.1).

● Enforce secure communication usingonly strong SSL/TLS versions(such as TLS 1.2 or TLS 1.3).

● Protect users fromman-in-the-middle (MITM) and downgrade attacksthat exploit weak encryption.