Free ECCouncil 312-38 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

AppLocker whitelists applications by creating rules that specify which files are allowed to run. One of the primary methods for specifying these rules is through the use of Path Rules. Path Rules allow administrators to specify an allowed file or folder path, and any application within that path is permitted to run. This method is particularly useful for allowing applications from a known directory while blocking others that are not explicitly approved.

References: The official Microsoft documentation explains that AppLocker functions as an allowlist by default, where only files covered by one or more allow rules are permitted to run. Path Rules are a fundamental part of this allowlisting approach1. Additionally, other resources like security guidelines and best practices for Windows reinforce the use of Path Rules as a method for application whitelisting within AppLocker2

A threat refers to a potential occurrence of an undesired event that can damage and interrupt the operational and functional activities of an organization. It represents a possible danger that could exploit vulnerabilities to harm the organization’s assets.

• Attack: An attempt to exploit a vulnerability to cause harm.
• Risk: The potential for loss or damage when a threat exploits a vulnerability.
• Vulnerability: A weakness that can be exploited by a threat to cause harm.

In this context, a threat is the potential occurrence of an event that can cause damage, whereas an attack is the actual occurrence, risk is the measure of the likelihood and impact of the threat, and a vulnerability is the weakness that the threat could exploit.

References:

• EC-Council Certified Network Defender (CND) Study Guide
• Information Security Risk Management documentation

The integrity check mechanism used by WPA2 to provide security against replay attacks is the Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC). This mechanism is part of the protocol suite that ensures data integrity and authenticity by using a combination of cipher block chaining (CBC) and message authentication code (MAC) to produce a secure and unique code for each data packet.

References: This information is consistent with the security protocols outlined in WPA2 standards, which specify the use of CBC-MAC for integrity checks12.

Application whitelisting is a security approach that allows only pre-approved applications to execute within a system or network. This method operates on a ‘default deny’ principle, meaning if an application is not explicitly listed as approved, it will not be allowed to run. This is in contrast to application blacklisting, which operates on a ‘default allow’ principle where all applications are allowed to run unless they have been specifically identified as malicious or undesirable and added to a blacklist. Whitelisting is generally considered more secure because it prevents any unapproved applications from running, which can include new or unknown threats. However, it can be more challenging to maintain as it requires a comprehensive understanding of all the necessary applications for business operations.

References: The concept of application whitelisting and its differentiation from blacklisting is well-documented in cybersecurity literature and aligns with the guidelines provided by the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. It is also supported by various cybersecurity frameworks and best practices, including those from authoritative sources such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Directivity of an antenna refers to the measure of how concentrated the radiation emitted is in a single direction. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. In simpler terms, it is the calculation of radiated power in a particular direction compared to the average radiated power in all directions. This characteristic is crucial for antennas designed to transmit or receive signals in a specific direction, making it an essential parameter for many communication systems.

References: The concept of directivity and its importance in antenna design is covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which include discussions on various antenna characteristics and their impact on network security12.

The False Positive rate (FPR) is a measure used in statistics and network security to evaluate the performance of a security system. It is calculated by dividing the number of false positives (FP) by the sum of false positives (FP) and true negatives (TN). The formula is represented as:

FPR=FP+TNFP​

This rate indicates how often benign activities are incorrectly flagged as malicious, which is crucial for a network administrator like Daniel to understand the reliability of the security measures implemented.

References: The formula for calculating the False Positive rate is standard across various cybersecurity frameworks and is aligned with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course objectives that cover the evaluation of security system performance metrics. For further details, Daniel can refer to the CND study guide and materials that discuss the interpretation and implications of the False Positive rate in network security.

In Wireshark, a TCP Null Scan can be detected by setting a filter to show packets where no TCP flags are set. This is because a TCP Null Scan is characterized by sending TCP packets with no flags set in an attempt to identify open ports on the target system. The correct filter to use in Wireshark to detect such packets is TCP.flags==0x000, which will display only those packets where all flags are unset.

References: The information provided here is consistent with standard network security practices for detecting TCP Null Scans using Wireshark, as described in various educational resources on network security and penetration testing1.

Michael would view the firewall log to track employee actions on the organization’s network. Firewall logs are records of events that are captured by the firewall. They typically include details about allowed and denied traffic, network connections, and other transactions through the firewall. By analyzing these logs, network administrators can monitor network usage, detect unusual patterns of activity, and identify potential security threats or breaches.

References: The importance of monitoring firewall logs is emphasized in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (C|ND) program. It is part of the network traffic monitoring and analysis, which is crucial for detecting and responding to incidents on the network123.

The 802.11b protocol is the correct choice for the network administrator to satisfy the specified requirements. This protocol operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, uses Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for modulation, and provides a data rate of up to 11 Mbits/s, which is well above the minimum requirement of 2 Mbits/s. The 802.11b standard also uses a channel width of 22 MHz, which matches the given specification. It was designed to be backward compatible with the original 802.11 standard and is widely used due to its range and compatibility with many devices.

References:

• IEEE 802.11b-1999 standard documentation.
• Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications1.

Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is the process that determines the potential impacts of business function disruptions and gathers information needed to develop recovery strategies. A critical part of BIA is examining Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs) and Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs) for a disaster recovery strategy. RPOs define the maximum age of files that must be recovered from backup storage for normal operations to resume after a disaster, while RTOs specify the maximum amount of time that a resource can remain unavailable after a disaster.

References: The role of BIA in examining RPOs and RTOs is a fundamental concept in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, which is covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum. The importance of BIA in disaster recovery is also supported by industry best practices and guidelines12.