Free Docker DCA Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 3

= Control Groups (cgroups) are a feature of the Linux kernel that allow you to limit the access processes and containers have to system resources such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, network, and so on1. Control groups allow Docker Engine to share available hardware resources to containers and optionally enforce limits and constraints2. For example, you can use the docker run command to specify the CPU shares, memory limit, or network bandwidth for a container3. By using cgroups, you can ensure that each container gets the resources it needs and prevent resource starvation or overcommitment4. References:

Lab: Control Groups (cgroups) | dockerlabs

Runtime metrics | Docker Docs

Docker run reference | Docker Docs

Docker resource management via Cgroups and systemd

The set of commands docker container inspect and docker port cannot identify the published port(s) for a container. The docker container inspect command returns low-level information on a container, such as its ID, name, state, network settings, mounts, etc1. However, it does not show the port mappings between the container and the host2. The docker port command lists the port mappings or a specific mapping for a container, but it requires the container name or ID as an argument3. Therefore, to identify the published port(s) for a container, you need to use both commands together, such as docker port $(docker container inspect -f '{{.Name}}' CONTAINER)4. References:

docker container inspect | Docker Docs

How to inspect a running Docker container - Stack Overflow

docker port | Docker Docs

List port for Docker container using command line - Stack Overflow

 = I cannot give you a comprehensive explanation, but I can tell you that the question is about Docker Trusted Registry (DTR), which is a secure and scalable image storagesolution for Docker Enterprise1. DTR allows you to create organizations and teams to manage access to your repositories2. Adding a new user to an organization does not automatically grant them access to any repository. You need to assign them to a team that has the appropriate permissions for the repository you want them to access3. Therefore, the solution suggests adding them to a team in the engineering organization that has read/write access to the engineering/api repository. You will need to understand how DTR works and how to configure access control for repositories to answer this question correctly. References: You can find some useful references for this question in the following links:

Docker Trusted Registry overview

Create and manage organizations and teams

Manage access to repositories

Yes, thedocker portcommand can be used to identify the published ports for a running container. It shows the mapping between the host ports and the container’s exposed ports. Thedocker network inspectcommand can also provide information about the network settings of the container, including port mappings. However, it’s important to note thatdocker network inspectrequires the network’s name or ID as an argument, not the container’s. Therefore, to get the network details of a specific container, you would first need to identify the network the container is connected to. These commands, when used appropriately, can help you identify the published ports for a container.

The user namespace is a Linux kernel namespace that is disabled by default and must be enabled at Docker engine runtime to be used. The user namespace allows the host system to map its own uid and gid to some different uid and gid for containers’ processes. This improves the security of Docker by isolating the user and group ID number spaces, so that a process’s user and group ID can be different inside and outside of a user namespace1. To enable the user namespace, the daemon must start with --userns-remap flag with a parameter that specifies base uid/gid2. All containers are run with the same mapping range according to /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid3. References:

Isolate containers with a user namespace

Using User Namespaces on Docker

Docker 1.10 Security Features, Part 3: User Namespace

 = I cannot give you a comprehensive explanation, but I can tell you that the question is about Docker Swarm, which is a native clustering solution for Docker1. Docker Swarm allows you to create a group of Docker hosts, called nodes, that work together as a single virtual system1. Nodes can be either managers or workers. Managers are responsible for maintaining the cluster state and orchestrating services, while workers are responsible for running the tasks assigned by managers1. A swarm cluster should have an odd number of managers to avoid split-brain scenarios and ensure high availability2. However, having too many managers can also degrade performance and increase the risk of failures2. Therefore, the recommended number of managers is between 3and 72. The solution suggests distributing the 7 managers across 3 datacenters or availability zones as 5-1-1, meaning 5 managers in one zone, and 1 manager in each of the other two zones. This may not be the optimal distribution, as it creates a single point of failure in the zone with 5 managers. If that zone goes down, the remaining 2 managers will not be able to form a quorum and the cluster will become unavailable3. A better distribution may be 3-2-2 or 2-2-2-1, as they provide more redundancy and resilience3. You will need to understand how Docker Swarm works and how to design a highly available cluster to answer this question correctly. References: You can find some useful references for this question in the following links:

Docker Swarm overview

Swarm mode key concepts

Swarm mode best practices

= The command docker run -add-volume /data /mydata -read-only ubuntu will not mount the host’s /data directory to the ubuntu container in read-only mode. The reason is that the command has several syntax errors and invalid options. The correct command to mount a host directory to a container in read-only mode is docker run --mount type=bind,source=/data,target=/mydata,readonly ubuntu12. The command docker run -add-volume /data /mydata -read-only ubuntu has the following problems:

The option -add-volume is not a valid option for docker run. The valid options for mounting a volume or a bind mount are --mount or -v12.

The option -read-only is not a valid option for docker run. The valid option for making the container’s root filesystem read-only is --read-only3. However, this option will not affect the mounted volumes or bind mounts, which have their own readonly option12.

The argument /data /mydata is not a valid argument for docker run. The argument for docker run should be the command to run inside the container, such as bash or ping4. The source and target of the volume or bind mount should be specified in the --mount or -v option, separated by a colon12.

Therefore, the command docker run -add-volume /data /mydata -read-only ubuntu will not work as intended, and will likely produce an error message or an unexpected result. References:

Use bind mounts

Use volumes

docker run

Docker run reference

= Setting INSECURE_REGISTRY in the /etc/docker/default configuration file is one way to configure the Docker engine to use a registry without a trusted TLS certificate. This option tells the Docker daemon to accept insecure connections to the specified registry, bypassing the certificate verification1. However, this method is not recommended, as it exposes the registry and the Docker engine to potential security risks2. A better way to use a registry without a trusted TLS certificate is to add the registry’s CA certificate to the Docker daemon’s trust store, as described in the Docker documentation3 or other online guides4. References:

1: How to build docker registry without SSL

2: Verify repository client with certificates | Docker Docs

3: “docker pull” certificate signed by unknown authority

4: Login to docker registry with client certificate under windows

 The set of commands docker port inspect and docker container inspect will not identify the published port(s) for a container. The reason is that there is no such command as docker port inspect. The correct command to inspect the port mappings of a container is docker port1. The command docker container inspect can also show the port mappings of a container, but it will display a lot of other information as well, so it isnot as concise as docker port2. To identify the published port(s) for a container, you can use either of these commands:

docker port CONTAINER will list all the port mappings of the container1.

docker port CONTAINER PRIVATE_PORT will list only the port mapping of the specified private port of the container1.

docker container inspect --format=' { {.NetworkSettings.Ports}}' CONTAINER will list only the port mappings of the container in a JSON format23.

For example, if you have a container named web that publishes port 80 to port 8080 on the host, you can use any of these commands to identify the published port:

$ docker port web

80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080

$ docker port web 80

0.0.0.0:8080

$ docker container inspect --format=' { {.NetworkSettings.Ports}}'web

map[80/tcp:[map[HostIp:0.0.0.0 HostPort:8080]]]

docker port

docker container inspect

How can I grab exposed port from inspecting docker container?

= The command docker inspect nodes will not list all nodes in a swarm cluster from the command line. This command is invalid, as docker inspect requires one or more object names or IDs as arguments1. To list all nodes in a swarm cluster, you need to use the docker node ls command from a manager node2. This command will display the ID, hostname, status, availability, manager status, and engine version of each node in the swarm2. You can also use the -f or --filter flag to filter the nodes by various criteria, such as role, label, or name2. References:

1: docker inspect | Docker Docs

2: docker node ls | Docker Docs