Free Cisco 300-540 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

In Cisco Secure Endpoint Private Cloud AirGap mode, Internet access is disabled. Updates must be uploaded manually and then triggered inside the Secure Endpoint console.

The commandforce update -yinitiates the update of the manually uploaded Secure Endpoint package.

Other commands are not used for Secure Endpoint updates:

rpm -qa→ Lists Linux packages only

jamf-sync all→ Used for Apple JAMF integrations

genisoimage→ Used to create ISO files, irrelevant to Secure Endpoint

Therefore,Ais correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Cisco NFVI + VIM Architecture

Cisco VIM (Virtual Infrastructure Manager) operates as part of Cisco NFVI and requiresspecific mandatory network segmentsto deploy OpenStack-based NFVI environments.

The essential required networks for Cisco VIM include:

✔Provisioning network

Used during bare-metal install of compute and controller nodes

Handles PXE boot, image deployment, and VIM’s management reachability

✔Storage network

Used for Cinder, Swift, Ceph, and Glance back-end storage replication

Ensures predictable latency and bandwidth for NFVI workloads

Other networks exist in VIM (Management, API, Tenant, External), but the question asks for the required foundational segments.

Why the other options are incorrect:

Data plane(B) – used inside NFV workloads but not a required VIM infrastructure network.

Heartbeat(C) – not a defined VIM network segment.

Host network(D) – not a Cisco VIM terminology; provisioning network handles host onboarding.

In a VXLAN BGP EVPNMulti-Siteenvironment:

DCI trackingmonitors the health of the DCI links. If all DCI-tracking interfaces go down, the leaf can incorrectly keep advertising or learning remote MAC/IP reachability, leading to packet loss and sub-optimal forwarding for servers in that VLAN/L2VNI.

For proper operation, eachDCI-facing interfacemust be enabled with evpn multisite dci-tracking so that the Multi-Site border leaf tracks reachability over that link.

When using EVPN Multi-Site, BUM (broadcast, unknown unicast, multicast) traffic toward remote sites is typically handled viaingress replication, not multicast groups, for each L2VNI participating in Multi-Site. The configuration snippet shows an L2VNI (vn-segment 16535) still mapped to mcast-group 239.1.1.0, which is inconsistent with Multi-Site recommendations and contributes to packet loss.

Therefore, to fix the problem:

Enable DCI tracking on the uplink:

interface Ethernet1/1

evpn multisite dci-tracking

This restores proper DCI-link state monitoring for Multi-Site. →Option C

Change the L2VNI behavior from multicast to Multi-Site ingress replication:

Under the VNI for VLAN 11, configure:

evpn

vni 16535 l2

multisite ingress-replication

or the equivalent command for the specific NX-OS release, thereby aligning the L2VNI with EVPN Multi-Site design and eliminating packet loss. →Option D

Options A and B are ELAM (embedded logic analyzer) filters used only for packet capture and do not resolve the forwarding issue.

Option E is an ACL line unrelated to EVPN VXLAN or DCI tracking and does not address the underlying problem.

RouterR2is insideAS 100and has three iBGP paths (via R3, R4, R5) toward AS 101. To performiBGP multipathacross these three equal-cost paths, BGP must:

Run the correct BGP process forAS 100

Allow installation of multiple iBGP paths in the routing table

This is done with:

router bgp 100

maximum-paths ibgp 3

router bgp 100– enters the BGP process for AS 100 (correct AS per diagram).

maximum-paths ibgp 3– tells BGP to keep up to 3 iBGP paths to the same destination, enabling CEF to load-share across them.

Other options:

ip load-sharing ibgp 3– not a valid command.

router bgp 101– wrong AS number.

ip load-sharing per-destination– controls CEF hashing but does not enable BGP to install multiple iBGP paths by itself.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation Based on Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Knowledge

When connectingcarrier-neutral facilities (CNFs)ordata centerswithin the same metropolitan area, service providers typically usehigh-bandwidth, low-latency optical transport methods. The most appropriate and commonly deployed interconnection technology is:

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ring, which provides:

High capacity (10G, 40G, 100G, 400G)

Low latency

Redundancy through ring or mesh topologies

Multi-wavelength multiplexing for cost efficiency

Carrier-grade reliability for metro interconnect services

This aligns with cloud interconnect and metro transport design used in service provider environments.

Evaluation of the Options

A. OSPF backbone area adjacency

This is a routing protocol adjacency, not a physical connection method. It requires a transport link underneath but does not represent the physical interconnect itself.

B. Private wireless connection

Not suitable for CNF or metro DC interconnect because it lacks the bandwidth, reliability, and deterministic performance required for large-scale carrier-grade interconnects.

C. DWDM ring

This is the correct method. DWDM-based metro fiber rings are the standard for connecting carrier-neutral facilities in the same metro region.

D. CAT6e connection

This is limited to short-distance copper Ethernet (tens of meters). It is not used for metro-scale interconnects or between CNFs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

Cisco NFVIS logging levels (from lowest to highest):

critical

error

warning

info

debug←highest verbosity

To capture maximum diagnostic detail, engineers must enabledebuglogging on theoperational log type, which records system activity and runtime behavior.

Thus the correct command is:

system set-log logtype operational level debug

This provides the deepest troubleshooting visibility.

In a cloud-scale or data center–scale environment,Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)is used as anoverlay technologyto transportLayer 2 segments over a Layer 3 underlay network. VXLAN encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames inside UDP/IP packets, allowing broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic and tenant Layer 2 domains to be extended across a routed IP fabric.

Key points aligned with Cisco Service Provider Cloud Infrastructure design principles:

VXLAN creates aLayer 2 overlay on top of a Layer 3 underlay.

TheVXLAN Network Identifier (VNI)provides a much larger segmentation space than traditional VLANs, enabling multi-tenancy at cloud scale.

Because the underlay is pure Layer 3 (IP routed fabric), VXLAN allows you tointerconnect Layer 2 segments between leaf switches or data centers over an IP/MPLS backbonewithout relying on large Layer 2 domains in the physical network.

Why the options evaluate as follows:

Option A: extends Layer 2 segments across the underlying Layer 3 infrastructure✅This is the core benefit of VXLAN in cloud-scale designs. VXLAN encapsulates Layer 2 frames intoIP/UDP headers, allowing isolated Layer 2 segments (per VNI) to be stretched across a routed IP network. This enables:

Multi-tenant Layer 2 connectivity across a distributed cloud fabric

Mobility of virtual machines or containers while keeping same IP/MAC addressing

Use of an IP-based leaf–spine or service provider underlay for scalability and resiliency

Option B: extends Layer 3 segments across the underlying Layer 2 infrastructure❌This is the opposite of what VXLAN does. VXLAN is explicitlyL2-over-L3, not L3-over-L2. Extending pure Layer 3 segments over Layer 2 is not the VXLAN use case.

Option C: reduces spanning-tree complexity across the Layer 2 infrastructure⚠️(Partially related but not the primary or direct benefit)In modern designs, the underlay isLayer 3 routed, and VXLAN overlays provide logical Layer 2 segments. This designavoids dependence on spanning tree in the fabric, whichindirectlyreduces STP complexity. However, the fundamental, exam-relevant benefit isL2 extension over L3, so C is not the best or most accurate answer compared to A.

Option D: eliminates the need for a Layer 3 underlay in the service provider infrastructure❌VXLAN absolutelyrequiresan IP (Layer 3) underlay for transport. VXLAN tunnels are built over a routed infrastructure (leaf–spine, MPLS/IP core, etc.). It does not remove the need for Layer 3; it depends on it.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

In Cisco Secure Endpoint Private Cloud AirGap mode, Internet access is disabled. Updates must be uploaded manually and then triggered inside the Secure Endpoint console.

The commandforce update -yinitiates the update of the manually uploaded Secure Endpoint package.

Other commands are not used for Secure Endpoint updates:

rpm -qa→ Lists Linux packages only

jamf-sync all→ Used for Apple JAMF integrations

genisoimage→ Used to create ISO files, irrelevant to Secure Endpoint

Therefore,Ais correct.