Free ASQ CSQE Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

In a cross-functional team that is established to improve processes, particularly when the team members are experienced and have volunteered, the sponsor's role should focus on empowerment and support rather than direct supervision.

Empowerment:

Experienced Team: Team members are familiar with the process and can effectively contribute without needing micro-management.

Volunteered Participation: Indicates motivation and a proactive attitude towards improvement.

Role of the Sponsor:

Authorization: Enabling the team to make decisions and implement changes promotes a sense of ownership and responsibility.

Support and Resources: The sponsor should provide the necessary resources and support the team’s initiatives.

References: Best practices in team management highlight the importance of empowering experienced teams to leverage their skills and insights for process improvements.

In software testing, a driver is a piece of code that replaces a higher-level module to test a lower-level module by establishing a function and passing test data to that function. Drivers are used inbottom-up integration testing to simulate the behavior of higher-level modules that have not yet been developed or integrated.

References:

"Software Testing and Quality Assurance: Theory and Practice" by Kshirasagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy

IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing (IEEE Std 1008-1987)

The class intervals 11.5-13.5, 13.5-15.5, 15.5-17.5, and 17.5-19.5 are appropriate for representing the given data set in a histogram. These intervals cover the entire range of the data, ensuring each data point falls within a specific interval, and they are consistent in width, which is crucial for accurate histogram representation.

A software baseline is a set of documents or files that serve as a reference point for further development.

Definition: A baseline is a formally reviewed and agreed-upon set of items that serve as a basis for further development and can only be changed through formal change control procedures.

Components: The test plan and test cases are part of the software baseline because they are essential for verifying and validating the software against its requirements.

Importance: Including test plans and test cases in the baseline ensures that there is a clear, documented set of criteria and procedures for evaluating the software's performance and compliance with requirements.

Pareto Charts: Used for prioritizing defect types but not for detecting defects.

Output Capture Utilities: Tools designed to capture and record the output of software, making them effective in detecting discrepancies and defects in the system.

File Format Converters: These tools convert data between different formats and are not used for defect detection.

Defect Control Charts: Used for monitoring and controlling defect data over time but not for initial detection.

Conclusion: Output capture utilities are directly involved in detecting defects by capturing output and comparing it to expected results. This aligns with software testing practices where tools that directly capture and log output are essential for defect detection.

Static analysis tools are used to evaluate documentation and source code. These tools analyze the code without executing it, looking for potential errors, coding standard violations, security vulnerabilities, and other issues.

By reviewing the source code and associated documentation, static analysis helps in identifying problems early in the development process, improving code quality and reducing the likelihood of defects in the final product.

References:

"Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software Construction" by Steve McConnell

"Static Analysis: Results from the Static Analysis Tool Exposition (SATE) IV" by Paul E. Black, Elizabeth Fong, et al.

Software configuration management (SCM) tools are essential in managing the complexities associated with large projects involving multiple modifications and frequent change requests. SCM tools help in version control, tracking changes, and ensuring that all team members are working with the correct versions of files. They also facilitate coordination among team members and maintain the integrity and traceability of the configuration items throughout the project lifecycle.

In contrast, simple projects with few files and little complexity may not require such extensive tools, and projects without security requirements or specified control may not justify the overhead of SCM tools.

References:

"Configuration Management Best Practices: Practical Methods that Work in the Real World" by Bob Aiello and Leslie Sachs.

IEEE Standard 828-2012 for Configuration Management in Systems and Software Engineering.

Cyclomatic complexity is a metric used to determine the number of linearly independent paths through a program's source code.

Definition: Cyclomatic complexity provides a quantitative measure of the complexity of a program, which is directly related to the number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage.

Calculation: It is calculated using the control flow graph of the program, where nodes represent blocks of code and edges represent control flow paths.

Test Cases: The metric indicates the minimum number of test cases required to cover all possible paths, ensuring that each statement is executed at least once.

According to the CMMI-DEV (Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development) version 1.3, there are 7 process areas defined for an organization at Maturity Level 2. These process areas are Requirements Management, Project Planning, Project Monitoring and Control, Supplier Agreement Management, Measurement and Analysis, Process and Product Quality Assurance, and Configuration Management. These areas focus on establishing basic project management and process discipline.References:

CMMI-DEV Version 1.3, CMMI Product Team, Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Carnegie Mellon University, 2010.

"CMMI for Development, Version 1.3," Software Engineering Institute.

Test matrices are essential for software that will be used internationally because they help organize and manage various test cases and scenarios, including those related to localization and internationalization. Test matrices ensure that all aspects of the software's functionality, user interface, and performance across different regions and languages are systematically tested. This includes checking date formats, currency symbols, character encoding, and other locale-specificrequirements. Logical path analysis, predefined function keys, and boundary value analysis are valuable tests but do not specifically address the comprehensive needs of international software testing.References:

Internationalization and localization testing guidelines, ISO/IEC 25051.

Pressman, Roger S. "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach." 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2014.