Free NFPA CFPS Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

The removal of flammable vapors by displacement for cleaning a storage tank can be accomplished by displacement with air, inert gas, and water. Water is a common method of displacing flammable vapors from tanks, as it is readily available, inexpensive, and non-reactive with most fuels. Water can be sprayed into the tank to create a water seal that prevents the vapors from escaping and reduces the oxygen concentration in the tank. Water can also be used to rinse the tank walls and remove any residual fuel. However, water displacement may not be suitable for some tanks that contain water-sensitive or water-soluble fuels, or for tanks that have limited drainage or disposal facilities.

References:ust permanent closure requirements - Nevada;A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces - CDC Stacks;Fire Explosion Prevention – Visual Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering …

Smoke detector

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Detectors using the photoelectric principle do not use a small amount of radioactive material. This is a false statement about smoke detectors. Detectors using the photoelectric principle use a light source and a light sensor to detect the presence of smoke. When smoke enters the detection chamber, it scatters the light and triggers the alarm.Detectors using the photoelectric principle are more responsive to low-energy (smoldering) fires that produce large smoke particles12.

Detectors using the cloud chamber principle also use the photoelectric principle. This is a true statement about smoke detectors. Detectors using the cloud chamber principle use a sealed chamber that contains a supersaturated vapor. When smoke enters the chamber, it causes the vapor to condense into droplets that reflect light. The light is then detected by a photoelectric sensor that activates the alarm.Detectors using the cloud chamber principle are very sensitive to small smoke particles34.

Detectors using the ionization principle provide somewhat faster response to high-energy (open flaming) fires. This is a true statement about smoke detectors. Detectors using the ionization principle use a small amount of radioactive material that ionizes the air in the detection chamber. When smoke enters the chamber, it reduces the ionization and the electric current. The drop in current is then detected by a circuit that activates the alarm.Detectors using the ionization principle are more responsive to high-energy (open flaming) fires that produce small smoke particles12.

Detectors using the photoelectric principle provide somewhat faster response to low-energy (smoldering) fires. This is a true statement about smoke detectors. Detectors using the photoelectric principle use a light source and a light sensor to detect the presence of smoke. When smoke enters the detection chamber, it scatters the light and triggers the alarm.Detectors using the photoelectric principle are more responsive to low-energy (smoldering) fires that produce large smoke particles12.

Smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or smoke extraction are different terms for the same type of smoke management method, which is airflow. Airflow is the method of controlling smoke by creating a flow of air that either pushes or pulls the smoke away from the desired areas. Airflow can be achieved by natural or mechanical means, such as vents, fans, or dampers. Airflow can also be used to create a smoke layer above the occupant level in large spaces, such as atriums or warehouses, by exhausting the hot smoke and supplying fresh air below the layer.References:Smoke Extraction System - NAFFCO Smoke Management;Post-Fire Smoke Purge Systems: When Are They Required? - NY Engineers; NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 21st Edition, Chapter 9, Section 9.2.1.

79% of fire departments surveyed participate in the delivery of emergency medical services (EMS).This is based on the NFPA report “US Fire Department Profile 2020”1, which states that nationwide, 37% of fire departments provided no EMS, 46% provided basic life support (BLS), and 17% provided advanced life support (ALS). Therefore, the percentage of fire departments that provided either BLS or ALS is 46% + 17% = 63%. However, this does not include fire departments that provided EMS through a third-party contract or agreement.According to the NFPA fire service survey from 2018–20202, 16% of fire departments reported having such an arrangement. Therefore, the percentage of fire departments that participated in the delivery of EMS in some form is 63% + 16% = 79%.References:

• NFPA report - U.S.fire department profile3
• US Fire Department Profile 2020 Supporting Tables2

Class 3 unstable reactive gas is defined as a material that in itself is capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at normal temperatures and pressures with a strong initiating source or if heated under confinement. This class of gas readily undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.

References:NFPA 55: Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2016 Edition, Section 3.3.51.14.3;International Fire Code, 2015 Edition, Appendix E, Section E102.1.1

The correct answer is B. After an emergency incident has occurred, a post-incident critique of the emergency preparedness procedure should be conducted covering the detection of the incident, implementation of incident command, andnotification, alerting and warning procedures. These are some of the key elements of an effective emergency response that need to be evaluated and improved after an incident.A post-incident critique is a systematic review of the actions and decisions taken during an emergency incident, with the aim of identifying lessons learned, best practices, gaps, and corrective actions1.A post-incident critique should involve all the relevant stakeholders, such as emergency responders, emergency managers, facility managers, and affected community members2.A post-incident critique should also follow a structured format, such as the one suggested by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)3:

• Introduction: The facilitator introduces the purpose, objectives, ground rules, and agenda of the critique session.
• Incident Overview: The facilitator provides a brief summary of the incident, including the date, time, location, type, size, and impact of the incident.
• Timeline Review: The facilitator leads a chronological review of the major events and actions that occurred during the incident, using a timeline or a log as a reference.
• Strengths and Areas for Improvement: The facilitator solicits feedback from the participants on what went well and what needs to be improved, focusing on the following topics:
• Action Plan: The facilitator summarizes the main findings and recommendations from the critique session, and assigns responsibilities and deadlines for implementing the corrective actions.
• Conclusion: The facilitator thanks the participants for their contributions, and provides information on how the results of the critique will be documented and shared.

Dipping and coating processes using flammable or combustible liquids pose a significant fire and explosion hazard and should be isolated from other operations, materials, or occupancies by location, fire walls, or operational procedures. Location refers to the physical separation of the process from other areas by distance or barriers. Fire walls are fire-resistance-rated assemblies that prevent the spread of fire from one side to the other. Operational procedures are rules or guidelines that regulate the conduct of the process and its personnel, such as limiting the amount of flammable or combustible liquids in use, controlling ignition sources, and providing adequate ventilation.

References: NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids, 2021 Edition, Section 4.21; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8, Section 8.3.12.

1:NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids2:Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8

According to the CDC, exposure to hydrogen fluoride at concentrations of less than 50 ppm for two minutes may cause mild eye and upper respiratory tract irritation. The severity of the effects depends on the concentration, duration, and route of exposure, as well as the individual’s susceptibility. Higher concentrations or longer exposures can cause more serious health effects, such as pulmonary edema, skin burns, or systemic toxicity.References:CDC | Facts About Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid); [Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR]2; [Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) - GOV.UK]3.

Critical radiant flux is used to classifyinterior floor finishes. Critical radiant flux is a measure of the minimum radiant heat energy required to sustain flame propagation on a floor material or covering. It is determined by exposing a specimen to a radiant heat gradient and observing the distance from the ignition point to the flame-out point.The shorter the distance, the higher the critical radiant flux and the better the fire performance of the floor material or covering1.Critical radiant flux is used to classify floor materials and coverings according to their fire hazard and resistance, and to specify the minimum requirements for different occupancies and applications2.For example, the International Building Code (IBC) requires that interior floor finishes and coverings in exit access corridors and exit enclosures have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.45 W/cm2, while those in other spaces have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.22 W/cm23.Critical radiant flux is also used to evaluate the fire safety of floor materials and coverings in transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trains, and buses4.

OSHA regulation 1910.110 addresses storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This regulation covers the general requirements for the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of LPG systems, including containers, piping, valves, fittings, regulators, burners, and appliances. The regulation also specifies the safety precautions and procedures for the prevention of fire and explosion hazards involving LPG. The regulation applies to all employers who store, handle, or use LPG in their workplaces.References:

• OSHA: 1910.110 - Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases1
• Nebula Safety: Storage & Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPGs)2