Free ISTQB CTAL-TTA Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 3

The pseudocode provided includes a while loop that adjusts the loop variable a within the loop's conditional code block. This adjustment, set a = 5, occurs when a > 10. Because the loop checks a < 12 as its continuation condition, and a is reset to 5 repeatedly once it exceeds 10, the loop will execute indefinitely, preventing termination. This creates an infinite loop situation since the condition a < 12 will perpetually remain true once a exceeds 10. This is a critical logic error needing correction for proper execution flow​​.

For a product that has reached its capacity limits and requires testing to ensure it can handle projected growth, scalability testing is the most appropriate. Scalability testing evaluates a system's ability to manage an increasing workload without compromising performance or other operational capabilities. This type of testing will help confirm whether the system can handle the estimated increase in load, which is aligned with the strict performance efficiency and growth requirements for the next three years

In the data flow analysis of the pseudocode, the variable output presents a potential anomaly. Initially, output is set to input1, but it may be overwritten if input2 is greater. The anomaly, specifically a 'definition-use' (du-path) issue, arises because there might be scenarios where output does not adequately reflect changes depending on the dynamic data flow influenced by the conditional. Proper testing and validation of such conditional structures are crucial to ensure that output consistently represents the largest of the two inputs as intended.

The scenario written in correct Gherkin format and appropriate for the User Story described is Option D:

Given that three Purchase Orders with a total value of £21.75 have been placed so far this month,

When the Purchasing Manager requests the list of Purchase Orders placed this month,

Then the 3 orders and their total value of £21.75 are displayed.

This scenario correctly uses the Gherkin syntax with Given-When-Then structures that clearly specify the context, the action taken by the user, and the expected outcome, making it directly relevant to the user story’s intent .

An ISTQB defined technique for identifying risks when defining a risk-based approach to testing the performance efficiency of a new application is to analyze the requirements to look for areas where performance efficiency requirements have not been well-defined. This technique ensures that testing efforts are focused on areas of the application that are critical for performance but may have insufficient coverage in terms of detailed requirements​​.

Exploratory testing is recommended for low-risk levels only when considering safety-critical systems. The correct response is option D.

Safety-Critical Considerations: For safety-critical systems, where failures can result in severe consequences, structured and well-planned testing strategies are generally prioritized to ensure comprehensive coverage and risk mitigation.

Role of Exploratory Testing: Exploratory testing can be effective in low-risk scenarios within safety-critical systems by providing a method to quickly identify obvious issues without the constraints of scripted testing. However, it is not typically recommended for higher risk areas due to its less systematic nature and potential for missing critical test cases.

This approach ensures that while innovation and spontaneous testing are employed, they do not compromise the safety and rigorous validation required in critical system components .

The earliest stage in the application's SDLC at which performance efficiency testing can be performed is during requirements analysis. At this stage, performance requirements and goals are established, providing a baseline for what needs to be tested and verified throughout the later stages of development​​.

The key context here is the challenge of managing limited resources, particularly ROM and RAM, due to severe restrictions on code size in consumer electronics. Lazy instantiation is a design pattern that defers the creation of an object until the first time it is needed. This approach can significantly reduce the application's memory footprint by avoiding unnecessary pre-allocation of memory, which is particularly valuable in systems where memory resources are constrained. In reviewing the architecture for such a system, it's crucial to ensure that objects are only created when necessary and that memory is optimally managed. Hence, the focus on lazy instantiation would be most important to ensure that the system uses resources efficiently and remains within the restricted code size.

To address the product risk of requiring an availability of almost 100%, the quality characteristic of reliability should be part of the test approach. Reliability testing focuses on the ability of the system to perform under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is essential for systems that need to be operational continuously or near-continuously. This characteristic encompasses the system's uptime, fault tolerance, recoverability, and the ability to perform under anticipated conditions, all of which are relevant to maintaining high availability.

Cyclomatic complexity is a measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program's source code. Segment 3 has two conditions: if (a > b) or (c < d) and the associated else. This structure introduces multiple decision points, thereby increasing the number of potential execution paths. Comparatively, the other segments have fewer conditions and straightforward loops, which contribute to a lower cyclomatic complexity. Segment 3, with its compound condition and branching logic, likely has the highest cyclomatic complexity.