Free Fortinet NSE7_PBC-7.2 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 2

Terraform manages and tracks the state of infrastructure resources through a file known as terraform.tfstate. This file is automatically created by Terraform and is updated after the application of a Terraform plan to capture the current state of the resources.

State File Purpose: The terraform.tfstate file contains a JSON object that records the IDs and properties of resources Terraform manages, so that it can map real-world resources to your configuration, keep track of metadata, and improve performance for large infrastructures.

State File Management: This file is crucial for Terraform to perform resource updates, deletions, and for creating dependencies. It's essentially the 'source of truth' for Terraform about your managed infrastructure and services.

References: This behavior is documented in Terraform's official documentation, which explains how the terraform.tfstate file is used to keep track of the infrastructure Terraform is managing.

To configure a FortiGate VM to add to FortiCNP, you need to perform three steps on FortiGate:

Enable send logs in FortiGate to allow FortiCNP to receive the IPS logs from FortiGate.

Create an SSL/SSH inspection profile on FortiGate to inspect the encrypted traffic and apply IPS protection.

Create an IPS sensor and a firewall policy on FortiGate to enable IPS detection and prevention for the traffic.

References:

FortiCNP 22.4.a Administration Guide, page 22-24

FortiGate IPS Administration Guide, page 9-10

The three settings that should be checked while troubleshooting this problem are:

Ensure FortiGate port4 can resolve DNS. This is because the Azure SDN connector requires DNS resolution to communicate with the Azure API1. If the FortiGate port4 cannot resolve DNS, the SDN connector will not be able to retrieve the Azure resources and display them in the GUI.

Ensure FortiGate portl has internet access. This is because the Azure SDN connector requires internet access to communicate with the Azure API1. If the FortiGate portl does not have internet access, the SDN connector will not be able to connect to the Azure cloud and display an error in the CLI.

Ensure IP address 169.254.169_254 is not blocked. This is because the Azure SDN connector uses this IP address to obtain metadata information from the Azure instance2. If this IP address is blocked by a firewall policy or a network ACL, the SDN connector will not be able to get the required information and display an error in the CLI.

A is incorrect because the terraform plan command will not deploy any resources at all. It will only show the changes that would be made if the terraform apply command was run. The error message in the exhibit indicates that the service principal details are invalid, which means that Terraform cannot authenticate to Azure and cannot create any resources1.

B is incorrect because you can run the terraform apply command without running the terraform plan command first. The terraform apply command will automatically generate a new plan and prompt you to approve it before applying it2. However, running the terraform plan command first can help you preview the changes and avoid any unwanted or unexpected actions.

C is correct because you must run the terraform init command once before the terraform plan command. The terraform init command initializes a working directory containing Terraform configuration files. It downloads and installs the provider plugins required for your configuration, such as the Azure provider2. It also creates a hidden directory called .terraform to store the plugin binaries and other metadata1. Without running the terraform init command, the terraform plan command will fail because it cannot find the required plugins or modules.

D is correct because the terraform plan command makes Terraform do a dry run. A dry run is a simulation of what would happen if you executed a certain action, without actually performing it. The terraform plan command creates an execution plan, which is a description of the actions that Terraform would take to make your infrastructure match your configuration2. The execution plan shows you what resources will be created, modified, or destroyed, and what attributes will be changed. The execution plan does not affect your infrastructure or state file until you apply it with the terraform apply command1.

B. It is recommended to enable NAT on FortiGate policies. This is because the Azure load balancer uses a hash-based algorithm to distribute traffic to the FortiGate instances, and it relies on the source and destination IP addresses and ports of the packets1. If NAT is not enabled, the source IP address of the packets will be the same as the load balancer’s frontend IP address, which will result in uneven distribution of traffic and possible asymmetric routing issues1. Therefore, it is recommended to enable NAT on the FortiGate policies to preserve the original source IP address of the packets and ensure optimal load balancing and routing1. D. It supports session synchronization for handling asynchronous traffic. This means that the FortiGate instances can synchronize their session tables with each other, so that they can handle traffic that does not follow the same path as the initial packet of a session2. For example, if a TCP SYN packet is sent to FortiGate A, but the TCP SYN-ACK packet is sent to FortiGate B, FortiGate B can forward the packet to FortiGate A by looking up the session table2. This feature allows the FortiGate instances to handle asymmetric traffic that may occur due to the Azure load balancer’s hash-based algorithm or other factors.

The other options are incorrect because:

It does not use the vdom-exception command to exclude the configuration from being synced. The vdom-exception command is used to exclude certain configuration settings from being synchronized between FortiGate devices in a cluster or a high availability group3. However, in this scenario, the FortiGate devices are not in a cluster or a high availability group, but they are standalone devices with standalone configuration synchronization enabled. This feature allows them to synchronize most of their configuration settings with each other, except for some settings that identify the FortiGate to the network, such as the hostname.

It does not use the FGCP protocol. FGCP stands for FortiGate Clustering Protocol, which is used to synchronize configuration and state information between FortiGate devices in a cluster or a high availability group. However, in this scenario, the FortiGate devices are not in a cluster or a high availability group, and they use standalone configuration synchronization instead of FGCP.

To get Terraform ready using Microsoft Azure Cloud Shell, you need to perform the following steps:

Set up a storage account in Azure. This is required to store the Terraform state file in a blob container, which enables collaboration and persistence of the infrastructure configuration1.

Use the wget (terraform_version) command to upload Terraform. This command downloads the latest version of Terraform from the official website and saves it as a zip file in the current directory2.

Move the Terraform file to the bin directory. This step extracts the Terraform executable from the zip file and moves it to the bin directory, which is part of the PATH environment variable. This allows you to run Terraform commands from any directory in Cloud Shell2.

The other options are incorrect because:

You do not need to use the -O command to download Terraform. This command is used to specify a different output file name for the downloaded file, but it is not necessary for this task3.

You do not need to subscribe to Terraform in Azure. Terraform is an open-source tool that can be used with any cloud provider, and there is no subscription or registration required to use it with Azure4. References:

Updating the route table and adding an IAM policy

Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with Bash

wget(1) - Linux man page

Terraform by HashiCorp