Free CompTIA N10-008 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers | Set: 4

Band-steering is a feature that allows an AP to steer dual-band capable clients to the less congested 5GHz frequency, leaving the 2.4GHz frequency for legacy clients. Without band-steering, the AP may have more clients competing for the same channel on the 2.4GHz frequency, resulting in high latency and airtime contention.

References:

• According to the CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives, one of the topics covered in the exam is “Given a scenario, use appropriate wireless technologies and configurations”. One of the subtopics is “Band steering” 1.
• According to the PoliFi: Airtime Policy Enforcement for WiFi paper, “Band steering allows the access point to disable the 2.4 GHz band from probing the client device, so it responds only to the 5 GHz band, reducing the congestion on the 2.4 GHz band while taking advantage of the faster 5GHz band to improve user’s network experience.” 2.
• According to the Aruba Air Slice Tech Brief, “Air Slice minimizes airtime contention and efficiently groups Wi-Fi 6 and non-Wi-Fi 6 client devices to guarantee bit rate, and provide bounded latency and jitter simultaneously.” 3.

• Port 23 is used by Telnet, an insecure protocol that sends data in plain text over the network. Telnet should be replaced by SSH, which uses port 22 and encrypts the data.
• Port 69 is used by TFTP, an insecure protocol that transfers files without authentication or encryption. TFTP should be replaced by SFTP or FTPS, which use port 22 or 990 respectively and encrypt the data.
• Port 443 is used by HTTPS, a secure protocol that encrypts the data using SSL/TLS certificates. HTTPS should be preferred over HTTP, which uses port 80 and sends data in plain text.
• Port 587 is used by SMTP, a protocol that sends email messages. SMTP can be secured by using STARTTLS, which initiates encryption after the initial handshake. Alternatively, port 465 can be used for SMTPS, which encrypts the data from the start.
• Port 8080 is used by HTTP proxy, a protocol that allows clients to access web servers through an intermediary. HTTP proxy can be secured by using HTTPS proxy, which uses port 443 and encrypts the data.

References:

• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Network Protocols and Services, pages 62-63, 66-67, 69-70, 72-73, 75-76.
• Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 2.1: Common TCP and UDP Ports, pages 16-17.
• Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Training Course, Video 2.1: Common TCP and UDP Ports, 6.

Port mirroring is a feature that allows a switch to copy the traffic from one or more ports to another port, where a network analyzer or a monitoring device can capture and analyze the traffic. Port mirroring is useful for troubleshooting and security purposes, as it allows the network engineer to see the traffic that is passing through the switch without affecting the normal operation of the network.

References

• 1: Port Mirroring - CompTIA Network+ Certification (N10-008): The Total Course [Video]
• 2: CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 5
• 3: CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 2.1 – Port Mirroring - Professor Messer IT Certification Training Courses
• 4: CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4 – Port Mirroring

• The question asks about the approach that the IT team is using to troubleshoot the global system outages. The IT team has identified multiple potential underlying causes throughout the enterprise and assigned each team member an area to troubleshoot.
• The answer is divide-and-conquer, which is a method of problem-solving that involves breaking down a complex problem into smaller and simpler subproblems, and solving them individually or in parallel1. This way, the IT team can isolate and eliminate the possible causes of the outages more efficiently and effectively.
• Top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top, and determine if anything changed are not the correct answers, because they are not the approaches that the IT team is using in this scenario. Top-to-bottom is a method of problem-solving that involves starting from the highest level of abstraction and working down to the lowest level of detail2. Bottom-to-top is a method of problem-solving that involves starting from the lowest level of detail and working up to the highest level of abstraction3. Determine if anything changed is a method of problem-solving that involves identifying and analyzing the changes that occurred before the problem arose. References:
• Divide-and-conquer
• Top-to-bottom
• Bottom-to-top
• [Determine if anything changed]
• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide

The correct answer is 1000BASE-T. This standard is part of the Ethernet technologies and uses four pairs of Category 5 or higher copper cables. It's designed to support networks at Gigabit Ethernet speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over distances up to 100 meters. Unlike the other options listed, which pertain to fiber optic cable standards (1000BASE-FX, 1000BASE-LR, and 1000BASE-SX), 1000BASE-T is the only one utilizing copper wiring, making it the suitable choice for this question​​.

The technique that would fulfill the requirement of transferring data in multiple networks is 802.1Q tagging. 802.1Q tagging is a method of adding a tag or identifier to Ethernet frames that indicate which VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) they belong to. VLANs are logical subdivisions of a network that allow devices in different physical locations or segments to communicate as if they were in the same network. VLANs improve network performance, security, and management by reducing broadcast traffic, isolating sensitive data, and grouping devices by function or department. By using 802.1Q tagging, two Layer 2 switches can exchange data from multiple VLANs over a single trunk link, without mixing or losing the VLAN information. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, page 64; The Official CompTIA Network+ Student Guide (Exam N10-008), page 2-12.

"Benefits of Voice VLAN

It ensures that your VoIP (Voice over Internet Phone) devices do not have to contend directly with all the broadcasts and other traffic from the data VLAN. A voice VLAN can simplify network configuration in some circumstances."

https://community.fs.com/blog/auto-voip-vs-voice-vlan-what-s-the-difference.html

Jumbo Frames

"When jumbo frames on a VoIP/UC network are enabled, it can cause the same kind of delay to your network transmissions."

"VoIP uses will always not benefit from jumbo frame, as VoIP like gaming, is latency and time sensitive. Jumbo Frame for Internet Purpose: You will not see any performance boost as the files that came across the internet does not support jumbo frame."

https://www.ankmax.com/newsinfo/1358641.html#:~:text=VoIP%20uses%20will%20always%20not,does%20not%20support%20jumbo%20frame.

"To summarize this general best practice guide, you should NOT enable jumbo frame feature as a general home user."

The open standard protocol Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is similar to HSRP, the differences mainly being in terminology and packet formats. In VRRP, the active router is known as the master, and all other routers in the group are known as backup routers. There is no specific standby router; instead, all backup routers monitor the status of the master, and in the event of a failure, a new master router is selected from the available backup routers based on priority

The type of network being described here is a WAN (Wide Area Network). BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is commonly used for routing between different autonomous systems (ASes) over large geographical distances, such as connecting branch offices across states or countries.

• WAN (Wide Area Network): A WAN spans a large geographic area and connects multiple LANs (Local Area Networks) or other networks. It allows communication between distant locations, such as connecting branch offices, data centers, or remote sites. BGP is often used in WANs to exchange routing information between different ASes.
• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used for routing between autonomous systems (ASes). It enables routers in different ASes to exchange information about network reachability and select optimal paths for data transmission.

• Change management is an IT practice that aims to minimize disruptions to IT services while making changes to critical systems and services12.
• A change is defined as adding, modifying, or removing anything that could have a direct or indirect effect on services1.
• Change management involves planning, testing, communicating, and implementing changes in a controlled and coordinated manner2.
• Change management can help prevent network outages and other incidents by ensuring that changes are properly assessed, approved, and documented before they are executed2.
• Incident response, on the other hand, is the process of detecting and responding to security incidents, such as cyberattacks or data breaches3.
• Incident response focuses on the technical aspects of analyzing and containing an incident, while incident management deals with the broader impact of an incident on the business, such as communications, media handling, escalations, and reporting3.
• Standard operating procedure (SOP) is a set of instructions that describes how to perform a routine or repetitive task.
• SOPs are useful for ensuring consistency, quality, and compliance in various operations, but they are not specific to change management.
• System life cycle is a model that describes the phases of development, operation, and maintenance of a system, such as a software application or a hardware device.
• System life cycle can help guide the design, testing, deployment, and improvement of a system, but it does not address the issues of change management, such as minimizing disruptions and risks.
• Therefore, the best document for the network manager to create to prevent future network outages caused by firmware upgrades is a change management policy.

References:

• Change management types | Atlassian
• Incident Management vs. Incident Response — What’s the Difference? - DZone
• 10 Top change management best practices | Atlassian
• [What is a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and How to Write It]

LACP stands for Link Aggregation Control Protocol and is a protocol that allows multiple physical ports to be combined into a single logical port. This can increase bandwidth, redundancy, and load balancing for a server. LACP is part of the IEEE 802.3ad standard for link aggregation. STP stands for Spanning Tree Protocol and is a protocol that prevents loops in a network by blocking redundant links. 802.1Q is a standard for VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) tagging, which allows multiple logical networks to share the same physical infrastructure. Duplex is a mode of communication that determines how data is transmitted and received on a link. Full duplex allows simultaneous transmission and reception, while half duplex allows only one direction at a time.

References: CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives Version 7.0 (N10-007), Objective 1.5: Compare and contrast network cabling types, standards and speeds.

 Interference from other devices can cause wireless connection drops or slow performance. This can happen when devices use the same or overlapping frequency channels as the wireless network, such as cordless phones, microwaves, Bluetooth devices, etc. To avoid interference, it is recommended to use non-overlapping channels and avoid placing wireless access points near potential sources of interference. References: Network+ Study Guide Objective 2.1: Explain the purposes and use cases for advanced network devices. Subobjective: Wireless controllers.

 Flow data is a summary of network traffic that can be used to monitor and analyze network performance, utilization, and security. Flow data can provide information such as source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, bytes, packets, and timestamps. Flow data can be collected using protocols such as NetFlow, sFlow, or IPFIX. Flow data can help identify the source of network saturation without requiring a full packet capture, which would be impractical on a 40Gb connection with a 10Gb server.

References:

• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Exam Objectives, page 51
• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide, Chapter 11: Switching Technologies2

OSPF uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF is perhaps the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks