Free CompTIA N10-008 Practice Exam with Questions & Answers

The best metric for a network administrator to check is hop-by-hop network latency. This is because network latency is the time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to the destination, and it affects the loading speed of web pages. Hop-by-hop network latency measures the latency between each pair of routers or switches along the network path, and it can help identify where the delay is occurring. By checking the hop-by-hop network latency, the network administrator can determine if the problem is caused by a slow or congested link, a misconfigured or faulty device, or a routing issue.

Jitter is the variation in latency over time, and it affects the quality of voice and video applications. Jitter does not directly affect the loading speed of web pages, and it is not a useful metric for troubleshooting this issue.

Server interface CRC errors are errors that occur when the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a packet does not match the expected value, indicating data corruption. Server interface CRC errors can affect the reliability and integrity of data transmission, and they can be caused by faulty cables, connectors, or interfaces. Server interface CRC errors do not necessarily affect the loading speed of web pages, unless they are severe enough to cause retransmissions or packet loss.

Server NetFlow data is data that is collected and analyzed by the NetFlow protocol, which monitors and reports on network traffic flows. Server NetFlow data can provide information on the volume, type, and direction of traffic that is sent or received by the server, as well as the source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols. Server NetFlow data can help identify network usage patterns, trends, and anomalies, but it does not measure the latency or performance of the network.

ReferencesWhat is Network Latency and How to Measure ItHow to Troubleshoot Network Latency IssuesWhat is Jitter and How to Measure ItWhat is CRC Error and How to Fix ItWhat is NetFlow and How Does It WorkCompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition (Exam N10-008)

• Attenuation is the loss of signal strength as it travels over a distance or through a medium. It is measured in decibels (dB) and can affect the quality and reliability of network communication.
• In this scenario, the connection from PC A to switch 1 is using a Cat 5 cable with a length of 394ft (120m), which exceeds the recommended maximum length of 328ft (100m) for twisted-pair cables. This can cause significant attenuation and performance degradation between PC A and PC B.
• To solve this problem, the network technician should either reduce the cable length, use a higher category cable, or insert a repeater or amplifier device to boost the signal strength.
• Interference is the unwanted noise or signal that affects the network communication. It can be caused by electromagnetic sources, such as power lines, motors, or wireless devices, or by crosstalk, which is the interference between adjacent wires in a cable. Interference can also affect the network performance, but it is not the most likely cause in this scenario, as it would affect all the connections, not just the one with the excessive cable length.
• Decibel loss is another term for attenuation, so it is not a separate option. Incorrect pinout is the wrong arrangement of wires in a cable connector, which can prevent the network devices from communicating properly. However, this is not the most likely cause in this scenario, as the cable configuration is correct (straight through) for the connection from PC A to switch 1. References:
• [CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide], Chapter 3: Network Cabling and Topologies, Section 3.1: Compare and Contrast Cabling Types, Standards, and Properties, p. 115-116
• [Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes], Section 2.1: Copper Cabling, p. 19
• Network+ N10-008 Practice Test | CertBlaster, Question 1

Installing cameras in the server room is the best solution to identify who is responsible for the equipment being moved and misplaced. Cameras provide a way to monitor the server room in real time and can be used to identify suspicious activity. Additionally, they provide a way to review past activity and allow you to review footage to determine who may be responsible for the misplacement of equipment.

Duplex settings determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. If the devices have inconsistent duplex settings, such as half-duplex and full-duplex, they may experience performance issues, collisions, and errors. To troubleshoot the issue, the technicians should check the devices’ duplex settings and make sure they match the network’s configuration.

References:

• Gigabit Ethernet does not work - Microsoft Community1
• Network Tests: Are We Getting Gigabit Performance? - Tom’s Hardware2
• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Exam Objectives

https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network#examdetails

VRRP is an open standard protocol, which is used to provide redundancy in a network. It is a network layer protocol (protocol number-112). The number of routers (group members) in a group acts as a virtual logical router which will be the default gateway of all the local hosts. If one router goes down, one of the other group members can take place for the responsibilities for forwarding the traffic.

The network administrator would configure scope options to set NTP settings for a specific subnet within DHCP. Scope options are settings that apply to a range of IP addresses that are assigned by a DHCP server. Scope options can include parameters such as default gateway, DNS server, and NTP server. By configuring the NTP server option for a specific scope, the network administrator can ensure that the devices in that subnet synchronize their clocks with the same time source. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, page 121; The Official CompTIA Network+ Student Guide (Exam N10-008), page 5-11.

• A warm site is a backup data center that has some network equipment and connectivity, but not enough to handle the full load of the primary site. It requires some time and effort to activate and configure in the event of a disaster12.
• An active-active site is a backup data center that is fully operational and synchronized with the primary site, and can take over the load immediately if the primary site fails. It is the most expensive and complex option12.
• A cold site is a backup data center that has no network equipment or connectivity, and only provides physical space and power. It requires a lot of time and resources to set up and activate in the event of a disaster. It is the cheapest and simplest option12.
• A cloud site is a backup data center that is hosted by a third-party provider, and can offer various levels of availability and scalability depending on the service level agreement. It can be a cost-effective and flexible option, but also introduces some challenges such as security, compliance, and vendor lock-in13.

References:

• 1: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 6: Network Resiliency and Availability, Section: Disaster Recovery
• 2: Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Page 54: Disaster Recovery Sites
• 3: Backup Strategy: Ultimate Guide for Data Backup

• A botnet is a network of compromised devices that are remotely controlled by a malicious actor, usually for the purpose of launching distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, sending spam, stealing data, or performing other malicious activities1.
• A malware infection is a common way of compromising internet-connected devices and making them part of a botnet. Malware is any software that is designed to harm or exploit a device, a network, or a user. Malware can be delivered through various methods, such as phishing emails, malicious downloads, drive-by downloads, or removable media2. Malware can infect a device and allow a remote attacker to take control of it, monitor its activities, or use its resources3.
• The use of default credentials is another common way of compromising internet-connected devices and making them part of a botnet. Default credentials are the username and password combinations that are preconfigured by the manufacturer or vendor of a device, such as a router, a camera, or a printer. Default credentials are often easy to guess or find online, and many users do not change them after setting up their devices. This makes the devices vulnerable to unauthorized access and manipulation by attackers who can scan the internet for devices with default credentials and add them to their botnet .
• A deauthentication attack is a type of wireless attack that aims to disconnect a legitimate user from a wireless network by sending spoofed deauthentication frames to the user’s device or the access point (AP). A deauthentication attack can cause a denial of service, disrupt network communication, or facilitate other attacks, such as capturing the handshake during the reconnection process. However, a deauthentication attack does not compromise the device or make it part of a botnet.
• IP spoofing is a technique of forging the source IP address of a packet to make it appear as if it came from a different device or location. IP spoofing can be used to bypass security filters, hide the identity of the attacker, or launch reflection or amplification attacks. However, IP spoofing does not compromise the device or make it part of a botnet, unless it is combined with other methods, such as malware infection or exploitation of vulnerabilities.
• Firmware corruption is a condition where the firmware of a device, which is the software that controls its basic functions and operations, becomes damaged or altered due to various reasons, such as power surges, hardware failures, malicious attacks, or improper updates. Firmware corruption can cause the device to malfunction, lose data, or become inaccessible. However, firmware corruption does not compromise the device or make it part of a botnet, unless it is caused by a malicious attack that replaces the firmware with a malicious version.
• A dictionary attack is a type of brute-force attack that tries to guess the password of a user or a device by using a list of common or likely passwords, such as those found in a dictionary, a database, or a previous breach. A dictionary attack can be used to compromise a device and make it part of a botnet, but only if the device has a weak or predictable password. Therefore, a dictionary attack is not a direct way of compromising a device, but rather a means of exploiting the use of default or weak credentials.

References:

• 1: Botnet
• 2: Malware
• 3: How Malware Can Turn Your Device into a Botnet
• : [Default Credentials]
• : [How Default Credentials Can Lead to IoT Botnets]
• : [Deauthentication Attack]
• : [IP Spoofing]
• : [Firmware Corruption]
• : [Dictionary Attack]

The syslog entries are indicative of link flapping, which is when a switch port rapidly transitions between the up and down states. This can cause intermittent connectivity issues, network instability, and increased CPU utilization on the switch. Link flapping can be caused by various factors, such as faulty cables, misconfigured interfaces, duplex mismatches, or network attacks. To troubleshoot link flapping, the technician should check the physical layer, verify the interface settings, and monitor the network traffic for anomalies.

References:

• What is Link Flapping? - CompTIA1
• Troubleshooting Switch Port and Interface Problems - Cisco2
• Network Troubleshooting - N10-008 CompTIA Network+ : 4.1 - YouTube3

To identify the source and destination addresses of the traffic causing network saturation, the network administrator should use a network protocol analyzer that supports the NetFlow protocol. NetFlow is a network protocol that collects IP traffic information as it enters or exits an interface and sends it to a NetFlow collector for analysis. This data includes the source and destination addresses of the traffic, the ports used, and the number of bytes and packets transferred.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D, NetFlow.

“ RPO designates the variable amount of data that will be lost or will have to be re-entered during network downtime. RTO designates the amount of “real time” that can pass before the disruption begins to seriously and unacceptably impede the flow of normal business operations."

• The command tracert (or traceroute in some operating systems) is used to trace the route that a packet takes from the source to the destination. It displays the IP addresses and hostnames of the routers and devices along the path, as well as the time it takes for each hop.
• The command can help identify the issue of extreme latency by showing where the delay occurs in the network. For example, if the latency is high between the source and the first router, it may indicate a problem with the local network or the ISP. If the latency is high between two distant routers, it may indicate a problem with the intermediate network or the website’s server.
• The command ipconfig is used to display the IP configuration of the local device, such as the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers. It does not show the route or the latency of the packets to the destination.
• The command netstat is used to display the active connections and listening ports on the local device, as well as the protocol, local address, foreign address, and state of each connection. It does not show the route or the latency of the packets to the destination.
• The command ping is used to test the connectivity and the round-trip time of the packets to the destination. It does not show the route or the latency of each hop along the path. References:
• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Network Operations, Section 3.2: Troubleshooting Methodology and Tools, Page 147-148
• Professor Messer’s Network+ N10-008 Course Notes, Page 18
• Professor Messer’s Network+ N10-008 Video Training Course, Section 3.2: Network Troubleshooting Tools, Video 3.2.2: Command Line Tools

(Note: Ips will be change on each simulation task, so we have given example answer for the understanding)

To perform a network discovery by entering commands into the terminal, you can use the following steps:

• Click on each switch to open its terminal window.
• Enter the command show ip interface brief to display the IP addresses and statuses of the switch interfaces.
• Enter the command show vlan brief to display the VLAN configurations and assignments of the switch interfaces.
• Enter the command show cdp neighbors to display the information about the neighboring devices that are connected to the switch.
• Fill in the missing information in the diagram using the drop-down menus provided.

Here is an example of how to fill in the missing information for Core Switch 1:

• The IP address of Core Switch 1 is 192.168.1.1.
• The VLAN configuration of Core Switch 1 is VLAN 1: 192.168.1.0/24, VLAN 2: 192.168.2.0/24, VLAN 3: 192.168.3.0/24.
• The neighboring devices of Core Switch 1 are Access Switch 1 and Access Switch 2.
• The interfaces that connect Core Switch 1 to Access Switch 1 are GigabitEthernet0/1 and GigabitEthernet0/2.
• The interfaces that connect Core Switch 1 to Access Switch 2 are GigabitEthernet0/3 and GigabitEthernet0/4.

You can use the same steps to fill in the missing information for Access Switch 1 and Access Switch 2.

If an ISP is unable to provide services to a user in a remote area through cable and DSL, the next best solution to provide services without adding external infrastructure would likely be satellite. Satellite is a wireless communication technology that uses a network of satellites orbiting the Earth to transmit and receive data. It is well-suited for providing connectivity to remote or rural areas where other types of infrastructure may not be available or may be cost-prohibitive to install.

A frame is a unit of data that is transmitted at the data link layer of the OSI model. A frame consists of a header, a payload, and a trailer. The header contains information such as the source and destination MAC addresses, the frame type, and the error detection code. The payload contains the data from the upper layer protocols, such as IP packets. The trailer contains the frame check sequence, which is used to verify the integrity of the frame. A switch is a device that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. A switch forwards frames based on the MAC addresses of the devices connected to its ports. A switch can create separate collision domains and reduce network congestion. A switch can also implement VLANs, which are logical groups of devices that share the same broadcast domain, regardless of their physical location. A session is a logical connection between two or more devices that allows the exchange of data at the transport layer of the OSI model. A session is not a device or an encapsulation at the data link layer. A firewall is a device that operates at the network layer or the application layer of the OSI model. A firewall filters packets based on the IP addresses, ports, protocols, or application rules. A firewall is not a device or an encapsulation at the data link layer. A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted at the network layer of the OSI model. A packet consists of a header and a payload. The header contains information such as the source and destination IP addresses, the protocol type, and the hop count. The payload contains the data from the upper layer protocols, such as TCP segments. A packet is not an encapsulation at the data link layer. A router is a device that operates at the network layer of the OSI model. A router forwards packets based on the IP addresses and the routing table. A router can create separate broadcast domains and connect different networks. A router is not a device or an encapsulation at the data link layer. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide, Chapter 2, Section 2.2 and CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide, Chapter 3, Section 3.1