Ace the Salesforce PDII Exam: Ultimate Preparation Guide

When a test class fails with an "Insufficient privileges" error during deployment, it indicates that the user profile under which the tests are being executed doesn't have the necessary permissions to perform the actions required by the test. In a sandbox, the test might have been running with a different set of permissions compared to the production environment.

By using System.runAs(), you can specify a user context in which the test should run, which allows you to simulate the appropriate permissions. For this to work, you need to create a User instance in your test class with the profile that has the necessary permissions and then enclose the logic of your test within a System.runAs() block with this user.

This is a preferred solution over seeAllData=true, which would give the test access to all data in the production environment, potentially leading to tests that are not isolated and thus less reliable. It's also preferred over changing organization-wide settings or relying on specific setup in test classes, such as making sure Test.startTest() is not inside a loop.

References:

• Salesforce Documentation on Using the runAs Method: Testing with the runAs Method
• Salesforce Help Article on System Permissions: Profiles and Permissions

Using Database.setSavepoint() and Database.rollback() within a try-catch statement is the recommended approach for handling transactions that involve multiple DML operations. This allows the developer to roll back all changes if an error occurs, ensuring that partial changes are not committed to the database.References: Apex Developer Guide - Savepoint and Transaction Control

For mobile app pages in App Builder, best practices include limiting the number of heavy components like Tabs and Accordion because they can negatively impact performance due to increased client-side processing and data transfer. Also, using Performance Analysis in App Builder helps in identifying components that may slow down page performance and provides recommendations for improvements. References:

• Optimize Performance in the Salesforce Mobile App
• Lightning App Builder Performance Analysis

Moving the SOQL query outside the loop prevents it from being executed multiple times, which can lead to hitting governor limits. The last line updating the accountList is indeed needed to save the changes made to the Account records, so removing it is not recommended. Instead, the query should be moved outside the loop and records should be collected in a map for efficiency, which is not one of the provided options. References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Best Practices for Apex

For implementing business requirements that involve collecting key inputs from the end user before making a long-running callout, a combination of a Lightning web component and an Apex method that returns a Continuation object is ideal. The Lightning web component can be used to build a user-friendly interface to collect the inputs, and the Continuation object in Apex allows for managing the callout in an asynchronous way. This pattern prevents the user interface from freezing and provides a better user experience by allowing the callout to run in the background.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Asynchronous Callouts to Long-Running Web Services
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

In a scenario where an integration requires making a callout to an external web application, Apex is often used to perform callouts. The callout must be asynchronous when being made from a trigger because a callout cannot be made from a synchronous operation like a trigger due to the possibility of long-running transactions.

• Option A (An Apex trigger that calls an @future method that allows callouts) is correct because it enables the trigger to perform an asynchronous callout to the external web application, which is necessary for sending JSON payloads and receiving the resized images.
• Options B, C, and D do not fit the requirement as well as option A because platform events and flows are typically not used for making direct callouts to external systems in the context described.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Apex Web Services and Callouts

Bulk-safe triggers use collections to aggregate DML operations. This practice minimizes the number of DML statements, which is essential for bulk processing.References: Apex Developer Guide - Bulk Trigger Best Practices

To retrieve the Show_Help__c preference for the current user from a hierarchy custom setting, the getInstance() method should be used. This method retrieves the custom setting data for the user or the organization default if no user-specific setting is found.References: Salesforce Help - GetInstance Method

@testSetup method improves test performance. It allows data sharing across test methods within a class, reducing redundant data creation.References: Using the testSetup Method

A common solution to the "Maximum trigger depth exceeded” error is to use a static variable in a helper class. The variable acts as a switch to ensure the trigger logic only executes once per transaction, preventing recursive trigger calls.References: Salesforce Developer Blog - Avoiding Recursive Trigger Calls