NCLEX NCLEX-PN Exam Made Easy: Step-by-Step Preparation Guide

Pharmacodynamics pertain to the effect of a drug on receptors. Pharmaceutical reactions are chemical reactions between drugs prior to administration or absorption. Pharmacokinetic reactions refer to the body’s effect on the drug. Drug incompatibilities are another term for pharmaceutical reactions.Pharmacological Therapies

After physical needs of housing, clothing and food are met, the nurse should focus on assisting clients to manage the psychological effects of loss.Psychosocial Integrity

Unless the client is first assessed for self-harm or suicide potential, the staff might not observe the necessary degree of vigilance needed in the client’s environment. Physical needs are the second most critical concern with a depressive client. Though the client may be encouraged to attend group therapy as part of the treatment plan, the client’s safety takes precedence. Response to medication takes time and is not an initial concern.Physiological

Adaptation

When body substances are handled, the potential for transmission is increased; therefore, federal regulations require warning labels to communicate with other employees and/or waste collectors. The biohazard alert is a three-ring symbol overlaying a central concentric ring. Blood, drainagefrom wounds, feces, and urine are all body fluids that can transfer infection and disease to others.Safety and Infection Control

Maintaining the productivity of all team members by delegating tasks appropriate to the job descriptions of the personnel increases work effectiveness and efficiency.Coordinated Care

Leptin (recessive obesity gene—protein hormone) is expressed in fat cell coding for the protein that reacts to the percentage of fat cells in the body. Leptin is associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake via hypothalamic control. Obese clients might have insensitivity or resistance to the effects of leptin. Leptin can affect other body hormones such as insulin. Genetic factors include leptin, uncoupling proteins, and the amount of brown/white fat in the body.Physiological Adaptation

Superficial heat and cold, massage, pressure, or vibration can be applied to alleviate pain associated with muscle tension, pain, or spasms.Nonpharmacological Therapies

Object permanence occurs when the infant learns that something/someone still exists even though they might not be able to see it/them. This develops between 9 and 10 months of age. If the infant cries when his mother leaves the room, it might be because he believes she is no longer in the house when he can’t see her. If an infant picks up another toy after the one he is playing with rolls under the couch and the infant fails to look for it, he believes the toy that rolled under the couch no longer exists. Patty-cake is a game infants engage in but, it has nothing to do with object permanence. An infant game that does show object permanence is peek-a-boo. In thisgame, an infant continues to hunt for a hidden face because he believes it is still there.Health Promotion andMaintenance

A walker is used for clients who have balance problems, cardiac problems, or cannot use crutches or a cane. The client needs to bear partial weight and have strength in her wrists and arms. The client uses her upper body to propel the walker forward.Basic Care and Comfort

Due to her symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, her gender, and her fad dieting, the cause is most likely iron deficiency.Physiological Adaptation

In addition to the rubber tips on the ends of the crutches, the client needs to know the appropriate gait. Arm strength exercises are important, and it is critical that the client be fitted properly for the crutches.BasicCare and Comfort

Parathyroid hormone depresses renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. All of the other choices are functions of parathyroid hormone.Reduction of Risk Potential

Alcoholism places a client at risk for developing cirrhosis. None of the other choices are related to cirrhosis.Physiological Adaptation

These interventions (strategies) help the client in all areas of client well-being. Focusing on perception and thought, cognitive techniques are designed to influence how one interprets events and bodily sensations.BasicCare and Comfort

All physical and psychosocial therapies can be used concurrently with drugs and other modalities to manage pain. These interventions can be carried out by the nurse with the client and family.Basic Care and Comfort